Title:Therapeutic Interventions of Novel SGLT2 Inhibitors Against Metabolic
Disorders: Transforming the Association into Perspectives
Volume: 21
Issue: 12
Author(s): Kanwal Irshad, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash*, Kanwal Rehman*Hina Sharif
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad,Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan
Keywords:
Dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular risk, low densitylipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein.
Abstract: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an emerging group of therapeutic
agents that show their tremendous glucose lowering activity without producing hypoglycemia,
which is one of the major drawbacks of existing antidiabetic therapy. Comprehensive literature was
searched in English using electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Scopus
and Embase. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose levels by producing glucosuria via insulin-independent
pathway. The major mechanism by which SGLT2 inhibitors are involved in glucose
homeostasis is to prevent the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule and increase
glucose excretion in the urine. Deterioration of β-cells, impairment of functions and development
of insulin resistance do not affect the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly
reduce HbA1c, ameliorate glycemic control and control body weight. SGLT2 inhibitors can
block Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 1 and play a significant role in treatment of heart failure especially
in diabetic patients. They have also positive effects on different metabolic syndromes which cumulatively
ameliorate the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. SGLT2 inhibitors
can improve kidney function by reducing inflammation and improving renal microvasculature
up to its original state. The increase in triglyceride level has a strong relationship with coronary
artery disease in diabetic patients when combined with other indicators of metabolic disorders
while SGLT2 inhibitors cause a significant reduction in plasma triglyceride level in diabetic patients.
We have comprehensively summarized the features, mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors
and their impact on various metabolic syndrome traits, including diabetic condition, renal dysfunctioning,
arterial stiffness, hypertension, lipid profile and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of
this review to examine the safety, efficacy and therapeutic properties of SGLT2 inhibitors in renal
and diabetic patients.
