摘要
心血管疾病 (CVD) 仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。 CVD 包括各种危及生命的疾病,例如心肌梗塞、中风和外周动脉疾病。在这种情况下,动脉粥样硬化继续在这些疾病的发病机制中发挥主要作用。动脉粥样硬化源于一系列可改变和不可改变的风险因素,包括年龄、男性、家族史、肥胖、吸烟、糖尿病和高血压。最近的证据将动脉粥样硬化归类为一种潜伏性疾病,它影响所有大小的动脉,并倾向于出现血液供应减少或缺乏的动脉分支点。动脉粥样硬化不仅是一种脂质代谢紊乱,而且还是一种慢性炎症。本综述对动脉粥样硬化的潜在病理机制和目前应用的治疗干预措施进行了概要讨论。然后我们讨论经典的降脂疗法以及新发现的疗法。对于经典疗法,我们指出他汀类药物和依折麦布在降低血浆胆固醇水平方面的重要性,因为它们对胆固醇的合成、再摄取和肠道吸收有影响。我们还讨论了贝特类在调节脂质代谢和提高高密度与低密度脂蛋白比率方面的作用。本研究侧重于最近的分子和遗传干预,例如前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/kexin 9 型 (PCSK9) 单克隆抗体、evinacumab 和 microRNA 抑制剂。还特别关注涉及这些疗法的临床试验。
关键词: 动脉粥样硬化、他汀类药物、贝特类药物、依折麦布、PCSK9 抑制剂、microRNA 抑制剂、动脉粥样硬化的单克隆抗体。
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Lipid-Lowering Therapies for Atherosclerosis: Statins, Fibrates, Ezetimibe and PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibodies
Volume: 28 Issue: 36
关键词: 动脉粥样硬化、他汀类药物、贝特类药物、依折麦布、PCSK9 抑制剂、microRNA 抑制剂、动脉粥样硬化的单克隆抗体。
摘要: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the primary cause of global morbidity and mortality. CVD includes various life-threatening conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial diseases. In this context, atherosclerosis continues to play the principal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Atherosclerosis emanates from a set of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that include age, male gender, family history, obesity, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Recent evidence classifies atherosclerosis as a latent disease affecting all-sized arteries with a predilection for arterial branching points of decreased or absent blood supply. Atherosclerosis is not only a lipid metabolism disorder, but is also a chronic inflammatory one. This review providesa synoptic discussion of the underlying pathological mechanisms of atherosclerosis andthe currently applied therapeutic interventions. We then discuss the classical lipid-lowering therapies as well as the newly discovered therapies. For the classical therapies, we point out the importance of statins and ezetimibe in reducing plasma cholesterol levels by virtue of their effects on synthesis, reuptake and intestinal absorption of cholesterol. We also discuss the role of fibrates in modulating lipid metabolism and improving the ratio of high-density to low-density density lipoproteins. This study focuseson the more recent molecular and genetic interventions exemplified by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibodies, evinacumab, and microRNA inhibitors. Special attention is also given to clinical trials involving these therapies.
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Cite this article as:
Lipid-Lowering Therapies for Atherosclerosis: Statins, Fibrates, Ezetimibe and PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibodies, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2021; 28 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666210222092628
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666210222092628 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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