Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a secretory serine protease that plays multiple biological functions in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. PCSK9 inhibitors decrease the circulating LDL-cholesterol level with well-known preventive and therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis (AS). Still, increasing evidence shows that the direct impact of PCSK9 on the vascular wall also plays an important role in atherosclerotic progression. Compared with other vascular cells, a large proportion of PCSK9 is originated from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Therefore, defining the effect of VSMC-derived PCSK9 on response changes, such as phenotypic switch, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, foam cell formation, and calcification of VSMC, helps us better understand the “pleiotropic” effects of VSMC on the atherosclerotic process. In addition, our understanding of the mechanisms of PCSK9 controlling VSMC functions in vivo is far from enough. This review aims to holistically evaluate and analyze the current state of our knowledge regarding PCSK9 actions affecting VSMC functions and its mechanism in atherosclerotic lesion development. A mechanistic understanding of PCSK9 effects on VSMC will further underpin the success of a new therapeutic strategy targeting AS.
Keywords: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMS) functions, phenotypic switching, pleiotropic effects, proatherogenic role, atherosclerosis (AS).
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Effect of PCSK9 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Functions: A New Player in Atherosclerosis
Volume: 28 Issue: 36
Author(s): Qiong Xiang, Wen Feng Liu, Jing Lin Zeng, Yi Ming Deng, Juan Peng, Hui Ting Liu , Zhong Ren, Zhi Sheng Jiang, Lu Shan Liu*Zhi Han Tang *
Affiliation:
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001,China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001,China
Keywords: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMS) functions, phenotypic switching, pleiotropic effects, proatherogenic role, atherosclerosis (AS).
Abstract: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a secretory serine protease that plays multiple biological functions in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. PCSK9 inhibitors decrease the circulating LDL-cholesterol level with well-known preventive and therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis (AS). Still, increasing evidence shows that the direct impact of PCSK9 on the vascular wall also plays an important role in atherosclerotic progression. Compared with other vascular cells, a large proportion of PCSK9 is originated from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Therefore, defining the effect of VSMC-derived PCSK9 on response changes, such as phenotypic switch, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, foam cell formation, and calcification of VSMC, helps us better understand the “pleiotropic” effects of VSMC on the atherosclerotic process. In addition, our understanding of the mechanisms of PCSK9 controlling VSMC functions in vivo is far from enough. This review aims to holistically evaluate and analyze the current state of our knowledge regarding PCSK9 actions affecting VSMC functions and its mechanism in atherosclerotic lesion development. A mechanistic understanding of PCSK9 effects on VSMC will further underpin the success of a new therapeutic strategy targeting AS.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Xiang Qiong , Liu Feng Wen, Zeng Lin Jing , Deng Ming Yi, Peng Juan, Liu Ting Hui, Ren Zhong , Jiang Sheng Zhi , Liu Shan Lu*, Tang Han Zhi*, Effect of PCSK9 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Functions: A New Player in Atherosclerosis, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2021; 28 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666210531150302
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666210531150302 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Nutrapharmacology of Tocotrienols for Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Torsades de Pointes in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ca2+ Signaling, Mitochondria and Cell Death
Current Molecular Medicine Inflammatory Mechanisms and Oxidative Stress in Peyronies Disease: Therapeutic “Rationale” and Related Emerging Treatment Strategies
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Role of Platelets in Athero-Thrombotic Events
Current Pharmaceutical Design Adiponectin: A Key Player in Obesity Related Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiac Adiposity and Cardiovascular Risk: Potential Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue
Current Cardiology Reviews Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Stabilization of the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque?
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Foods, New Consumers: Innovation in Food Product Development
Current Nutrition & Food Science Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Neonates and Children: Review and Current Issues
Current Pediatric Reviews Genetics Talks to Epigenetics? The Interplay Between Sequence Variants and Chromatin Structure
Current Genomics Cardiovascular Effects of Endogenous Estrogen and Hormone Therapy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Contrasting Roles of the Galectin-3 in the Schizophrenia Onset, Clinical Presentation, and Somatic Comorbidity
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry MicroRNAs and the Heart: Small Things Do Matter
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure: Challenges and Solutions
Current Cardiology Reviews Circulating Cellular Players in Vascular Calcification
Current Pharmaceutical Design Caspases as Drug Targets in Ischemic Organ Injury
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Collagenolytic Enzymes and their Applications in Biomedicine
Current Medicinal Chemistry CYP1A1 Is a Major Enzyme Responsible for the Metabolism of Granisetron in Human Liver Microsomes
Current Drug Metabolism Challenges in Diagnosis of Reproductive Dysfunction
Current Women`s Health Reviews