Title:Modulation of Vascular Function by Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Sex Differences
Volume: 26
Issue: 30
Author(s): Jamaira A. Victorio, Rafael M. da Costa, Rita C. Tostes and Ana P. Davel*
Affiliation:
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP,Brazil
Keywords:
Perivascular adipose tissue, sex differences, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular.
Abstract: In addition to the endothelium, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been described to be involved
in the local modulation of vascular function by synthetizing and releasing vasoactive factors. Under
physiological conditions, PVAT has anticontractile and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in the context of
hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes, the PVAT pattern of anticontractile adipokines is altered, favoring
oxidative stress, inflammation and, consequently, vascular dysfunction. Therefore, dysfunctional PVAT has become
a target for therapeutic intervention in cardiometabolic diseases. An increasing number of studies have
revealed sex differences in PVAT morphology and in the modulatory effects of PVAT on endothelial function
and vascular tone. Moreover, distinct mechanisms underlying PVAT dysfunction may account for vascular abnormalities
in males and females. Therefore, targeting sex-specific mechanisms of PVAT dysfunction in cardiovascular
diseases is an evolving strategy for cardiovascular protection.