Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Konstantinos       Mourouzis; Evangelos       Oikonomou; Gerasimos       Siasos; Sotiris       Tsalamadris; Georgia       Vogiatzi; Alexios       Antonopoulos; Petros       Fountoulakis; Athina       Goliopoulou; Spyridon       Papaioannou; Dimitris       Tousoulis
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200413082353
Abstract

Background: Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established.
Objectives: The study aimed to present the interplay between cytokines and their actions preceding and shortly after ACS.
Methods: We searched in a systemic manner the most relevant articles to the topic of inflammation, cytokines, vulnerable plaque and myocardial infarction in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases.
Results: Different classes of cytokines (intereleukin [IL]-1 family, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) family, chemokines, adipokines, interferons) are implicated in the entire process leading to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque, and consequently, to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Especially IL-1 and TNF-α family are involved in inflammatory cell accumulation, vulnerable plaque formation, platelet aggregation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and adverse remodeling following the myocardial infarction. Several cytokines such as IL-6, adiponectin, interferon-γ, appear with significant prognostic value in ACS patients. Thus, research interest focuses on the modulation of inflammation in ACS to improve clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cytokines, adipokines, vulnerable plaque.
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200413082353	Print ISSN 1381-6128
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1873-4286
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