Title:Current Status and Challenges in Rotigotine Delivery
Volume: 26
Issue: 19
Author(s): Shadab Md*, Shahid Karim, Sanggetha R. Saker, Ooi A. Gie, Lim C. Hooi, Phua H. Yee, Alvin W.C. Kang, Chen K. Zhe, Ng Ian, Hibah M. Aldawsari, Khaled M. Hosny and Nabil A. Alhakamy*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589,Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589,Saudi Arabia
Keywords:
Rotigotine, microemulsion, microspheres, nanoparticles, transdermal delivery, Parkinson's Disease (PD).
Abstract: Rotigotine is a non-ergoline, high lipophilic dopamine agonist. It is indicated as the first-line therapy
for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). However, the precise mechanism of rotigotine is
yet to be known. Rotigotine has similar safety and tolerability to the other oral non-ergolinic dopamine antagonists
in clinical trials, which include nausea, dizziness and somnolence. Neupro® was the first marketed transdermal
patch formulation having rotigotine. The transdermal delivery system is advantageous as it enables continuous
administration of the drug, thus providing steady-state plasma drug concentration for 24-hours. Intranasal
administration of rotigotine allows the drug to bypass the blood-brain barrier enabling it to reach the central nervous
system within minutes. Rotigotine can also be formulated as an extended-release microsphere for injection.
Some challenges remain in other routes of rotigotine administration such as oral, parenteral and pulmonary,
whereby resolving these challenges will be beneficial to patients as they are less invasive and comfortable in
terms of administration. This review compiles recent work on rotigotine delivery, challenges and its future perspective.
