Abstract
Alopecia areata is considered to be a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease of the hair follicle. Current immunosuppressive approaches and immunomodulatory treatment with contact sensitizers such as diphenylcyclopropenone and squaric acid dibutylester are dealt with in this review article. The efficacy of the various modes of treatment is evaluated by a review of literature and their mode of action is discussed. In accordance with the mechanism of autoimmune pathogenesis of AA, improved future treatments may be immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory, or they should otherwise protect the hair follicle from the injurious effects of the inflammation. Such possible future therapeutic approaches include the use of liposomes as an improved vehicle, application of immunosuppressive cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10, inhibition of apoptosis mediated by the Fas-FasL system, inhibition of the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44v10, induction of tolerance as well as principles of gene therapy.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Current and Potential Agents for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata
Volume: 7 Issue: 3
Author(s): P. Freyschmidt-Paul, R. Hoffmann, E. Levin, J.P. Sundberg, R. Happle and K.J. McElwee
Affiliation:
Abstract: Alopecia areata is considered to be a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease of the hair follicle. Current immunosuppressive approaches and immunomodulatory treatment with contact sensitizers such as diphenylcyclopropenone and squaric acid dibutylester are dealt with in this review article. The efficacy of the various modes of treatment is evaluated by a review of literature and their mode of action is discussed. In accordance with the mechanism of autoimmune pathogenesis of AA, improved future treatments may be immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory, or they should otherwise protect the hair follicle from the injurious effects of the inflammation. Such possible future therapeutic approaches include the use of liposomes as an improved vehicle, application of immunosuppressive cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10, inhibition of apoptosis mediated by the Fas-FasL system, inhibition of the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44v10, induction of tolerance as well as principles of gene therapy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
P. Freyschmidt-Paul , R. Hoffmann , E. Levin , J.P. Sundberg , R. Happle and K.J. McElwee , Current and Potential Agents for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2001; 7 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612013398266
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612013398266 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Blood-based biomarkers in large-scale screening for neurodegenerative diseases
Disease biomarkers are necessary tools that can be employ in several clinical context of use (COU), ranging from the (early) diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, to monitor of disease state and/or drug efficacy. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a battery of well-validated biomarkers are available, such as cerebrospinal fluid ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Diabetes mellitus: advances in diagnosis and treatment driving by precision medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with ever increasing prevalence worldwide which is now an epidemic disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. Insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells unable to maintain blood glucose homeostasis is the main feature of this disease. Multifactorial and complex nature of ...read more
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Oxidized Human Beta2-Glycoprotein I: Its Impact on Innate Immune Cells
Current Molecular Medicine Microbes, Immunity and Multiple Sclerosis
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Exploring the Role of Nerve Growth Factor in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications in Myelin Repair
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Patents on the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Meta-analysis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Rituximab Therapy and Autoimmune Disease
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on Mycophenolic Acid Pharmacokinetics and Patient Outcomes in Renal Transplantation
Current Drug Metabolism Tuning Immune Suppression in Systemic Autoimmunity with Self-Derived Peptides
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Introduction from Editor-in-Chief
Current Rheumatology Reviews Effects of Secondhand Smoke on Thyroid Function
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Fc Receptors as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Allergy, Autoimmune Disease and Cancer
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Cardiac and Muscular Involvement in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Noninvasive Diagnostic Assessment and the Role of Cardiovascular and Skeletal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Recent Developments in the Discovery of Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators (SGRMs)
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Strategies in Autoimmune Diseases by Interfering with Leukocyte Endothelium Interaction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current and Future Therapeutic Targets of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor - A Favorable Marker in Inflammatory Diseases?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Oral Agents in Multiple Sclerosis
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Design and Delivery of Therapeutic siRNAs: Application to MERS-Coronavirus
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Approach to Immunotherapy Against Organ-specific Autoimmune Diseases with T Cell Receptor and Chemokine Receptor DNA Vaccines
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Sphingolipids in Cell Signaling: Their Function as Receptor Ligands, Second Messengers, and Raft Constituents
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued)