Title:Molecular Markers of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy with Special Focus on Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - A Systematic Review
Volume: 27
Issue: 28
关键词:
调节性T细胞,肿瘤微环境,癌症免疫治疗,CD25
摘要: The next-generation immunotherapy can only be effective if researchers have an
in-depth understanding of the function and regulation of Treg cells in antitumor immunity
combined with the discovery of new immunity targets. This can enhance clinical efficacy
of future and novel therapies and reduces any adverse reactions arising from the latter.
This review discusses tumor treatment strategies using regulatory T (Treg) cell therapy in a Tumor
Microenvironment (TME). It also discusses factors affecting TME instability as well as relevant
treatments to prevent future immune disorders. It is prognosticated that PD-1 inhibitors are risky and
their adverse effects should be taken into account when they are administered to treat Acute Myeloid
Leukemia (AML), lung adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. In contrast, Treg molecular
markers FoxP3 and CD25 analyzed here have stronger expression in almost all kinds of cancers
compared with normal people. However, CD25 inhibitors are more effective compared to FoxP3
inhibitors, especially in combination with TGF-β blockade, in predicting patient survival. According
to the data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas, we then concentrate on AML immunotherapy
and discuss different therapeutic strategies including anti-CD25/IL-2, anti-CTLA-4, anti-IDO, antityrosine
kinase receptor, and anti-PI3K therapies and highlight the recent advances and clinical
achievements in AML immunotherapy. In order to prognosticate the risk and adverse effects of key
target inhibitors (namely against CTLA-4, FoxP3, CD25, and PD-1), we finally analyzed and compared
the Cancer Genome Atlas derived from ten common cancers. This review shows that Treg
cells are strongly increased in AML and the comparative review of key markers shows that Tregbased
immunotherapy is not effective for all kinds of cancer. Therefore, blocking CD25(+)FoxP3(+)
Treg cells is suggested in AML more than other kinds of cancer; meanwhile, Treg markers studied
in other cancers have also great lessons for AML immunotherapy.