The functionality of the intervertebral disc can be compromised due to aging
and injuries. Synthetic and composite materials are investigated for disc repair to
reduce pain. Synthetic materials or composite implants lack interaction with the disc's
biological components and have yet to gain widespread usage or achieve desirable
outcomes in treating intervertebral disc disorders. This chapter examines
bioengineering approaches to disc repair, including cell-enhanced materials or
biologically derived acellular materials that allow for cellular interactions and
remodeling within the intervertebral disc. While still in its early stages, bioengineering
techniques utilizing innovative biomaterials are showing promise as potential
alternatives for the clinical treatment of intervertebral disc disorders.
Keywords: Annulus fibrosus, Disc degeneration, Degenerative disc disease, Fusion, Herniation, Intervertebral disc, Nucleus pulposus, Spine.
