Oil spill contamination occurs due to exploration activities in the deep sea
and downstream activities such as oil transportation via pipelines, oil-tankers (marine
and terrestrial), re-fineries, finished product storage, distribution, and retail distribution
setup. Physico-chemical technologies are accessible for oil spill clean-up, but oil
bioremediation technologies are proven to be more affordable and environmentally
friendly. The aim of this book chapter is to give deeper knowledge about the
bioremediation technology of oil spills. This chapter discusses the nature and
composition of crude oil, bioremediation agents and strategies, bioremediation on
different matrices (water, soil sludge), application strategy, and future prospect of
bioremediation technology.
Keywords: Bioremediation of oil spill, Biostimulation, Bioaugmentation, ex-situ, in-situ, Biosurfactant, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH).
