Remediation Approaches for the Degradation of Textile Dye Effluents as Sustaining Environment

Water has been considered one of the most valuable substances on earth for almost entire living organisms, from the largest mammal to the smallest microorganism. In addition, water is essential for the healthy life of human beings, animals, plants, etc. due to rapid, swift, and advanced industrialization, polluted water is discharged from different industries on many occasions. Among the different industrial pollutants, textile dyes and their effluents are the most predominant pollutants. Nearly 100,000 synthetic dyes are produced, and about one million tons of dyes are utilized for various dying purposes. About 10% of the dyes are unconfined into natural resources and the environment as waste, which spoils the aesthetic nature of the environment. These colored dyes are carcinogenic or mutagenic. These colored dyes are very fine particles in nature, and their concentrations of about 1 ppm are visible. These discharged color dyes cause grave intimidations with numerous problems; hence, these discharged color dyes as industrial waste have been considered as a major problem in the wastewater treatment process. In this chapter, various remediation techniques for the degradation of textile dyes effluents are discussed to maintain the sustainability of the environment. 

Keywords: Biological methods, Effluent treatment techniques, Electrochemical Methods, Physical-Chemical methods, Phytoremediation Green Nanotechnology, Textile dye, Azo dye.