Menopause is a significant event in a woman’s life as is generally considered as an indicator for senescence in women. Evidence suggests that menopause results in many psychological and postmenopausal health problems, such as anxiety, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorder and others. Menopausal symptoms and associated disorders are of great importance for public health as they influence the quality of life of affected individuals. Therefore proper management of menopause will definitely contribute to healthy aging and the overall well-being of women. This e-book reviews recent progress in the research and management of menopause and associated health problems. It provides comprehensive coverage of both clinical aspects and basic research of menopause. Topics covered in this e-book include research findings about risk factors for complex medical conditions associated with menopause along with the treatment options for these conditions, with particular emphasis on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). These conditions include osteoporosis, dementia, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Subsequent chapters detail on common oncological malignancies post menopause. The e-book concludes with a review of HRT treatment including its advantages and disadvantages followed by a review on risk factors, causes and complications of premature menopause occurring in women before an age of 40 years. This e-book is a valuable guide for medical researchers and gynecological professionals with a focus on the pathophysiology and treatment of this medical condition.

Otolaryngology for the Pediatrician serves both as a primer as well as an instant reference for all medical practitioners caring for the pediatric patient. Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases are very common in children and this e-book covers the vast majority of these conditions from an expert viewpoint with data published by respected medical professionals. Topics covered in this e-book include hearing loss, otitis media, neck masses and infections, sinusitis, stridor and many more. Readers with find actionable education needed to help care for their patients presented within simple, easy to read chapters.

The book is dedicated to the history and current status of physiologic autoimmunity concept and relation between autoimmunity and autoallergy in the context of disease prevention and prediction. The immune system is a natural component, regulator and direct participant in the physiological activities in a healthy body. The main forms of physiological activity of the immune system are based on the intrinsic abilities of self-identification, self-maintenance, self-regulation, and self-reparation — that is recognizing components of the “self ”, i.e. natural autoimmunity. The most ancient and homeostatically important functions of natural autoimmunity are autoclearance as well as construction and support of multicellularity. A considerable number of immune functions, including those related to antimicrobial defense, derive from these basic ones. Various pathological processes in any organ are usually accompanied by different patterns of cell death and, thus, by increased exposure and presentation of self antigens. These events induce the secondary rise in production of autoantibodies with appropriate specificity (opsonines), which provides augmentation of clearance by facilitating the efficacy of macrophage-dependent consumption of debris in the aff ected organ. This phenomenon is sanogenic in nature and adaptive in essence. Therefore, secondary changes in production and serum content of autoantibodies can be considered the universal and earliest detectable marker of any chronic disease. In relation to experimental production and clinical reveal of antibodies towards nuclear antigens, penetrating into living cell nuclei and altering nuclear acid synthesis, cell proliferation and function, autoantibodies can be regarded as hormone-like bioregulators of gene expression. Apparently, immune system is able to reproduce complementary regulators for various cell receptors, including nuclear ones. Book is unique, it is a single monograph comprehensively including history and current status of natural autoimmunity problem. It describes a fundamental concept essencial for every branch of Medicine and Pathology. The concept described has broad practical application for Health Care, because it establishes effective method of early prediction for many different diseases, creates a basis for prophylaxis. Reader has a chance to get rid of old dogmas and acquire new instrument for fruitful theoretical reasoning, research planning and predictive/preventive practical medical work.

This e-book starts with a comprehensive overview of the basic principles in Electrocardiography (ECG) with just enough depth to lift the reader above the crowd when it comes to understanding the physics behind ECG. Subsequent chapters provide an approach to the analysis of the ECG. The most important followed by sections with insight into conduction abnormalities, arrhythmia, and myocardial ischemia. The e-book has a straightforward layout, a very clear format, and abundant ECG tracings for interested readers. The diagnostic algorithms provided in the volume prove to be very useful in daily medical practice. Overall, the e-book will help novice physicians, students and fellows to improve their knowledge in ECG interpretation. Electrocardiography (ECG) is, therefore, a very attractive book for all levels of physicians and health-care professionals interested in ECG and it is a welcome addition to the medical literature.

This book focuses on the lung cancer, which is the mostly encountered, and one of the most challenging malignant disease of the world. Worldwide, the annual number of new cases of lung cancer is estimated at more than one million and is expected to increase to ten million in 2025. Fortunately, the political efforts to reduce the use of tobacco are getting increasing attention in many countries and the statistics are now showing the first positive results. Over the last decade there have been several improvements and changes in the lung cancer management. Among the epidemiologic changes we see a change in the histopathologic pattern, with a relative decrease in squamous cell carcinoma and a rise in adenocarcinoma. Much research is attempting to identify biomarkers to predict a high risk for developing lung cancer. This will be important for implementing screening and prevention strategies. There is a steady improvement of the overall management of lung cancer based on an increasing use of combined modality therapy, consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy applied concurrently or sequentially in early stage disease. Furthermore, new techniques are gaining ground, both within surgery and radiotherapy, and targeted medical therapy is being offered to more and more patients. This book is not intended as a comprehensive textbook, but as a concise summary of advances in lung cancer clinical research and treatment for the clinician. The textbook brings up-to-date information about lung cancer, based on worldwide experience, for the use of the many physicians involved in this field. All of the authors have been selected for their expertise and proven achievement in these challenging fields; I would like to sincerely thank all of them for participating with enthusiasm in this project. I hope that the different contributions will help the readers to fill in the gaps and stimulate them for future developments.

Thyroid nodules have a high prevalence in populations where iodine deficiency rates are high and in people older than 50 years. Considering that only 5-10% of thyroid nodules are of malignant nature, it is apparent that the clinical issue is the cost-effective differential diagnosis between benign nodules and the malignant ones. This e-book addresses this key issue by giving readers a general overview on the clinical aspect of thyroid nodules and specific details on molecular characterization of the nodules. This e-book is particularly suitable for novice endocrinologists but laboratory biologists and technicians involved in the pre-surgical diagnosis of thyroid cancer can also benefit from the additional technical details offered in this text.

This is the second volume of the Patent eBook Series titled Topics in Anti-Cancer Research. The eBook includes updated chapters on topics relevant to contemporary cancer research published in the journal, Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. This volume covers scientific and patented novel chemotherapeutic agents and drugs for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and Ras/ Raf /MEK/ERK pathway, P1K, AKT and mTORC1/2 inhibitors, ATPase inhibitors for cancer therapy, and sphingomyelin biosynthesis which regulates cancer cell death and growth. Other chapters also explain research on biochemical regulation i.e. cell cycle and energy metabolism, the role of genetic variations of FcγRs gamma receptors in monoclonal antibody based anti-cancer therapy and effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy, endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors and anti-angiogenic drugs for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, prevention of cancer by ribonucleotide reductase, anticancer activity of Erlotinib in glioblastoma and the mechanisms of action of nanodrugs and nano-sized camptothecin drugs in cancer chemotherapy. The volume also covers recent studies in the field of onconutrition. The broad range of topics covered in this second volume will be of immense interest to clinicians, scientists and R&D experts seeking new targets for the prevention of cancer, novel oncogenic biomarkers, and methods for cancer therapy.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Allergy Agents is an exciting eBook series comprising a selection of updated review articles relevant to the recent development of pharmacological agents used for the treatment of allergies. The scope of the reviews includes clinical trials of anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drugs, drug delivery strategies used to treat specific allergies (such as inflammation, asthma and dermatological allergies), lifestyle dependent modes of therapies and the immunological or metabolic mechanisms that are of interest to researchers as targets for new drugs. The first volume of this series sheds light on new therapies that can be employed for allergic reactions in patients (both traditional and non-traditional therapies), nutrition based therapies and the use of substances such as omalizumab and adrenaline to counter inflammatory response and anaphylaxis in patients. </p><p> Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Allergy Agents will be of interest to immunologists and drug discovery researchers interested in anti-allergic drug therapy as the series provides relevant cutting edge reviews written by experts in this rapidly expanding field.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and other nerve disorders. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of contemporary molecular targets involved in neurological and CNS disorders. Reviews presented in the series are mainly focused on clinical and therapeutic aspects of novel drugs intended for these targets. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critical information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of neurology. The first volume of the series features 9 chapters that cover a variety of therapeutic areas such as: </p><p> -advances in the treatment of cerebral gliomas, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia, </p><p> -different uses for antidepressants in treating drug users and adolescents suffering from depression, </p><p> -research on epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder therapy.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Alzheimer Disorders is an e-Book series concerned with Alzheimer's disease (AD) that causes dementia, or loss of brain function. The disease affects the parts of the brain that deal with memory, thought, and language. Chapters in each volume focus on (Alzheimer Disorders) drug research with special emphasis on clinical trials, research on drugs in advanced stages of development and cure for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. </p><p> Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Alzheimer Disorders will be of particular interest to readers interested in drug therapy this specific neurodegenerative condition and related brain disorders as the series provides relevant reviews written by experts in field of Alzheimers Disease research.