Biochar - Solid Carbon for Sustainable Agriculture explores the potential of biochar, a form of charcoal produced from organic materials, to improve soil health, increase crop yields, and mitigate climate change. This book offers a comprehensive overview of biochar and its applications in sustainable agriculture. The book begins by introducing the concept of biochar and its historical use in agriculture. Next, the content deals with the production methods and properties of biochar, providing insights into its chemical composition and physical characteristics. Subsequent chapters explore the diverse applications of biochar in agriculture, including its role in soil fertility improvement, carbon sequestration, and pollution remediation. Case studies and practical examples illustrate the effectiveness of biochar across different agricultural settings. The authors also discuss the potential challenges and future directions of biochar research and application. This book is essential reading for agronomists, soil scientists, environmental scientists, farmers, policymakers, and anyone interested in sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation strategies.

DFT-Based Studies On Atomic Clusters explores the structures, properties, and applications of a variety of atomic clusters using density functional theory (DFT) methods to offer a simple and comprehensive explanation of the subject. The book is organized into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces atomic clusters and provides a quick survey of density functional theory and its role in the study of atomic clusters. Chapter 2 discusses the optimization of atomic clusters using various algorithms. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 cover the applications of DFT methods on chemical interactions involving metal complexes and ions. Chapter 6 is devoted exclusively to molecular clusters for completeness. Chapter 7 concludes the book and provides a perspective on future directions on the subject. Theoretical and practical concepts of DFT methods of the book are systematically and concisely presented with the help of clear language. Several illustrations in the form of graphics and tables are included for the benefit of readers. This reference is intended as a guide for advanced graduate and doctorate level scholars, postdoctoral researchers, and faculty members who are required to understand the application of density functional theory for explaining the properties of atomic clusters as part of foundational coursework or supplementary reading.

Basics of Organic Chemistry: A Textbook for Undergraduate Students is an essential guide for students who are learning organic chemistry. The book provides a clear and thorough introduction to fundamental concepts, beginning with the topic of structure and bonding, which lays the foundation by exploring atomic structure, hybridization, and chemical bonds. The second chapter on reaction mechanisms breaks down the processes and factors influencing chemical reactions. The next chapter introduces readers to reactive Intermediates including transient species like carbocations and free radicals, while the final two chapters on Stereochemistry and organic compounds examine the spatial arrangement of atoms and its impact on chemical properties. Key features - Clear explanations with detailed illustrations and structured chapters - Real-world examples to connect theory with practice - End-of-chapter exercises for self-assessment - Bibliography for further reading Designed for undergraduate students of chemistry and allied subjects, this textbook is a valuable resource for advanced studies, in organic chemistry, exam preparation, and laboratory work.

Many herbs and spices, in addition to their culinary use for taste, contain chemical compounds which have medicinal uses. For this reason, herbs and spices have been used for treating various ailments since ancient times. Modern scientific methods have enabled researchers to isolate and analyze bioactive compounds from herbs and spices to develop medicines for different diseases. Science of Spices and Culinary Herbs presents current reviews on studies performed on herbs and spices. This book series is an informative resource for medicinal chemists, herbalists and biomedical researchers interested in the science of natural herbs and spices that are a common part of regional diets and folk medicine. The sixth volume of this series features reviews on medicinal aspects of a selection of herbs and spices, including: Pimpinella anisum L. (Anise, Aniseed) Sinapis alba L. (Mustard Seeds) Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon) Tamarindus indica L (Tamarind) Curcuma longa (Curcumin) Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice).

Hydrotalcite-based materials, characterized by their unique composition are integral to diverse applications in heterogeneous catalysis and beyond. Renowned for their catalytic prowess, these compounds serve as versatile bases for organic reactions, support structures for metal catalysts, and facilitators in organic transformations and water treatment. This comprehensive book introduces readers to hydrotalcite-like compounds, with ten chapters exploring variations in metal ion ratios and interlayer anions, and their impact on properties crucial for industrial applications (ranging from industrial catalysis to medicine). Key Features • Detailed exploration of hydrotalcite and hydrotalcite-like compounds • Recent trends and applications in industrial catalysis, organic synthesis, and environmental remediation • Hydrotalcite synthesis including methods like coprecipitation, sol-gel processing, and advanced techniques • Contributions from leading researchers in the field with references • Comprehensive overview for each topic suitable for both academics and industry professionals With its exhaustive coverage of hydrotalcite-based materials and their multifaceted applications, this book promises to be an indispensable resource for anyone who wants to understand the utilization of hydrotalcites for advanced catalytic processes.

The 2-Dimensional World of Graphene explores a wide range of graphene applications, capturing current research and understanding about the material while also offering a glimpse into the exciting possibilities that lie ahead. It compiles 10 edited reviews contributed by experts in chemistry. The book begins with a comparison of short-chain dyad graphene oxide and graphene quantum dot nanocomposites, highlighting their role in renewable energy. The introductory chapter is followed by reviews on graphene applications forensics, water purification, green synthesis from agricultural waste, energy storage and conversion, reliability engineering and advanced material fabrication. Each chapter includes structured sections, detailed references and a summary for a broad readership. Contributors have included information on structures and relevant methodology where appropriate for the range of applications highlighted. The 2-Dimensional World of Graphene is an essential primer on applications of graphene and its derivatives.

This series provides information on the nature of dyes, their harmful effects, and dye degrading techniques. The second volume focuses on sophisticated oxidation methods for dye degradation. The information on target-oriented dye mitigation is intended to give readers a better understanding of the dye degradation process to sustain a healthy environment. Chapters present referenced information and highlight novel industry breakthroughs. Key topics: The Fenton process for dye removal MOF-based and graphene oxide photocatalysts for dye degradation Novel photocatalysts active in visible light and IR spectra Photocatalytic degradation of transition metal dichalcogenides Environment friendly synthesis of photocatalysts for dye degradation Metal oxide Nanomaterials for dye degradation This volume is a comprehensive singular resource on photocatalytic dye degradation for researchers, apprentices and learners in chemistry and chemical engineering courses. It also serves as a reference for industry professionals who work with chemical dyes (for example in textile and plastic industries) and are engaged in the critical field of environmental remediation.

The Chemistry inside Spices & Herbs: Research and Development brings comprehensive information about the chemistry of spices and herbs with a focus on recent research in this field. Experts in phytochemistry have contributed reviews with the aim to give the reader deep knowledge about phytochemical constituents in herbal plants and their benefits. The contents include reviews on the biochemistry and biotechnology of spices and herbs, herbal medicines, biologically active compounds and their role in therapeutics among other topics. Chapters which highlight natural drugs and their role in different diseases and special plants of clinical significance are also included. Volume 3 covers several topics: the treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), managing rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory conditions, orchid-derived natural flavoring and therapeutic agent Vanillin, Silymarin's utility in treating hepatic diseases, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Hygrophila spinosa, pharmacological and chemical aspects of Tulsi, Combretum caffrum as a potential anticancer molecule, and the roles of herbs in treating diabetes. This book is an ideal resource for scholars (in life sciences, phytomedicine and natural product chemistry) and general readers who want to understand the importance of herbs, spices and traditional medicine in pharmaceutical R&D and clinical research.

The Chemistry inside Spices & Herbs: Research and Development brings comprehensive information about the chemistry of spices and herbs with a focus on recent research in this field. Experts in phytochemistry have contributed chapters with the aim to give the reader deep knowledge about phytochemical constituents in herbal plants and their benefits. These in-depth reviews cover the biochemistry and biotechnology of spices and herbs, herbal medicines, biologically active compounds and their role in therapeutics among other topics. Chapters which highlight natural drugs and their role in different diseases and special plants of clinical significance are also included. Volume 4 covers these topics: the potential use of Indian spices in managing viral infections, the chemical, functional, and nutritional properties of Coriander, traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological properties of Sphaeranthus indicus, Copaiba oleoresins phytochemisty and the pharmacological properties of oils from Copaifera species. Additionally, the pharmacognostic profile of Nardostachys jatamansi is discussed, along with insights into the medicinal herb Bush Onion (Afrostyrax lepidophyllus) and its nutritional and medicinal values. Various aspects of plant essential oils, including their chemistry, extraction methods, and medicinal properties, and plant proteases are also covered in detail. This book is an ideal resource for scholars (in life sciences, phytomedicine and natural product chemistry) and general readers who want to understand the importance of herbs, spices and traditional medicine in pharmaceutical R & D and clinical research.

This book explores a revolutionary sensing technique called Indicator Displacement Assays (IDAs). It is designed to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual foundation and wide-ranging applications of IDAs. The book aims to fulfill a crucial gap in the existing references on the subject. The content starts by explaining fundamental concepts, design strategies, and the scope of IDAs. Subsequent chapters elaborate on the intricate molecular recognition of various analytes, offering insights into sensing mechanisms for cationic, anionic, and neutral molecules. The design and construction of colorimetric, fluorescence, and metal complexing IDAs are also thoroughly explored in later chapters, followed by recent extensions of IDAs, including enantioselective indicator displacement assays, intramolecular indicator displacement assays, reaction-based indicator displacement assays, and more. Innovative applications of IDAs, such as sensory arrays and electrochemical sensors, are also discussed in detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of their conceptual foundations and practical implementations. The book is a primer on IDAs for researchers who want to understand the fundamentals of the technique, as well as postgraduate students aiming to specialize in supramolecular and analytical chemistry.