Neuroprotective Activities of Cinnamic Acids and their Derivatives

 Neurodegenerative disorders are considered major global health problems associated with nervous system dysfunction, progressive neuronal cell loss with aging, and several pathological and sporadic factors. Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Prion disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis are the main neurodegenerative diseases that raise significant concern among health scientists. The etiology of different neurodegenerative diseases is different, and they majorly affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases are linked with motor dysfunction, anxiety, memory loss, depression, cognitive impairments, etc. These diseases can be hereditary or caused by toxicity, metabolic disorders, or pathological changes in the brain. Therefore, interest has been growing in the development of different neuroprotective agents of natural origin that could work effectively against these diseases. In that aspect, phytochemicals have shown high potential with minimal side effects in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Cinnamic acids with phenylpropenoic moiety are abundant in many natural resources. These are available in many forms, such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, etc. They also have a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid, and neuroprotective properties. This chapter summarizes the role of naturally occurring cinnamic acids and their derivatives to develop the mechanistic aspects of neuroprotective therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases. Future challenges are also discussed to provide beneficial information and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Cinnamic acid, Huntington disease, Neuroprotection, Parkinson's disease.