There is an urgent need to search for effective novel antibiotics due to the
evolution of pathogen resistance towards the existing anti-microbial drugs. To fulfill
the demand of pharmaceutical industries for novel drugs against pathogenic microbes,
the potential source is nature, which is the largest repertoire for discovering
biologically active drugs. Among the natural products, mushrooms are primary sources
of diverse low and high-molecular-weight compounds that demonstrate anti-bacterial,
anti-fungal, anti-parasitic and anti-viral activities. Mushrooms belonging to
basidiomycetes or ascomycetes were classified into edible and non-edible and had high
nutritive and medicinal properties due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The
most common edible mushrooms comprise Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus, Auricularia.
Hericium, Grifola, Flammulina, Pleurotus, and Tremella are potent sources of vitamins
(thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin and ascorbic acid, Vitamin A and D), lipids (mono,
di, and triglycerides, sterols, phospholipids) and polysaccharides whereas non-edible
mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Lentinus edodes (Shiitake), Inonotus
obliquus (Chaga), Ganoderma, Trametes, Cordyceps spp., etc., are potent sources of
alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones, benzoic acid derivatives, and
quinolines. The literature review suggests that mushrooms showed high anti-microbial
activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus spp., Listeria monocytogenes,
Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. etc.) and Gram-negative bacterial species (Escherichia coli,Klebsiella spp. or Salmonella sp) as well as anti-fungal (Candida
spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. etc.) and anti-viral (HIV-I, influenza) activities.
The present chapter highlighted the mushrooms showing anti-microbial activity,
techniques for appraisal of anti-microbial activity, anti-microbial bioactive compounds
and last but not least, the downstream process of some selected compounds originally
isolated from mushrooms.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Bioactive compounds, Bioactive potential, Edible and non-edible mushroom, Fatty acids, Green extraction methods, Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), Multidrug resistance (MDR), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Phenols, Peptides, Sesquiterpenes, Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), Steroids, Terpenoids, Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE).
