Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory condition that
involves the destruction of bone as well as cartilage architecture and induces extensive
joint pain, stiffness and swelling. The condition is characterized by the infiltration of
inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-α, which results in synovial hyperplasia
and pannus formation. Currently, no effective curative treatment is available for RA
patients and the existing ones produce numerous unwanted effects. So,
phytoconstituents have been considered as a potential source for many such chronic
conditions with minimal side effects. Phytomolecules such as Andrographolide,
Berberine, Curcumin, Ginsenoside, Hesperidin, Kirenol, Madecassocide and various
other polyphenolic compounds are under clinical or pre-clinical trials for their antiarthritic efficacy. Phytochemicals used in the treatment of arthritis target the
inflammatory signaling pathway and hyperactive immune reactions. The compounds,
in addition to anti-inflammatory activity, also suppress bone erosion and osteoclastic
activity. Furthermore, phytomolecules inhibit the release and generation of reactive
oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines.
Keywords: Anti-arthritic, Antioxidant Autoimmune disease, Collagen induce arthritis, Complete Freund adjuvant, Cytokines, Flavonoids, Free radicals, Inflammation, NF-κB, Nuclear translocation, Pain, Phytochemicals, Phytoconstituents, Polyphenolic, Reactive oxygen Species, Rheumatoid arthritis, Swelling, Synovial hyperplasia, TNF-α.
