Abstract
The resistance to growth inhibition commonly observed in a variety of TGFb disabled human cancers, the potential role of TGFb in the exacerbation of malignancy and the effects of TGFb in suppressing the immune system, all emphasize the importance of pathways mediated by this polypeptide to the neoplastic process. Early investigations to understand the molecular basis of cancer due to defects in TGFb signaling were concentrated on examining the abundance of biologically active TGFb and its binding to TGFb receptors. However, major breakthroughs in understanding the molecular basis of the TGFb mediated effects in cancer came from genetic evidence for inactivation of the various players in its signaling cascade. The vast majority of current evidence is derived from the identification of mutations causing structural defects in TGFb receptors and Smad genes, the downstream effectors of the TGFb signaling pathway that have emerged from the analysis of human cancers. The involvement of Smads at the receptor level upon activation by a TGFb bound receptor, their participation in signal transmission to the nucleus and their direct roles in the regulation of target genes have made the various Smad genes critical targets for inactivation of TGFb signaling in cancer. To date, eight human homologues of the Smad genes have been identified and are classified into three distinct classes based on their structure and function. In this review, we discuss TGFb signaling via the Smads and the known and predicted points at which TGFb signaling could become altered in human cancer.
Current Genomics
Title: TGFb and its Smad Connection to Cancer
Volume: 3 Issue: 5
Author(s): S. Thiagalingam, K- h. Cheng, R. L. Foy, H. J. Lee, D. Chinnappan and J. F. Ponte
Affiliation:
Abstract: The resistance to growth inhibition commonly observed in a variety of TGFb disabled human cancers, the potential role of TGFb in the exacerbation of malignancy and the effects of TGFb in suppressing the immune system, all emphasize the importance of pathways mediated by this polypeptide to the neoplastic process. Early investigations to understand the molecular basis of cancer due to defects in TGFb signaling were concentrated on examining the abundance of biologically active TGFb and its binding to TGFb receptors. However, major breakthroughs in understanding the molecular basis of the TGFb mediated effects in cancer came from genetic evidence for inactivation of the various players in its signaling cascade. The vast majority of current evidence is derived from the identification of mutations causing structural defects in TGFb receptors and Smad genes, the downstream effectors of the TGFb signaling pathway that have emerged from the analysis of human cancers. The involvement of Smads at the receptor level upon activation by a TGFb bound receptor, their participation in signal transmission to the nucleus and their direct roles in the regulation of target genes have made the various Smad genes critical targets for inactivation of TGFb signaling in cancer. To date, eight human homologues of the Smad genes have been identified and are classified into three distinct classes based on their structure and function. In this review, we discuss TGFb signaling via the Smads and the known and predicted points at which TGFb signaling could become altered in human cancer.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Thiagalingam S., Cheng h. K-, Foy L. R., Lee J. H., Chinnappan D. and Ponte F. J., TGFb and its Smad Connection to Cancer, Current Genomics 2002; 3 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202023350291
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202023350291 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis
The thematic issue on "Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis" aims to explore the cutting-edge methodologies and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of genomic research, where vast amounts of data pose both challenges and opportunities. This issue will cover a broad spectrum of AI-driven strategies, ...read more
Advanced Computational Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacogenomics
In the era of personalized medicine, understanding the relationship between genetics and drug response is crucial. This issue delves into innovative methodologies, leveraging deep computational analysis and artificial intelligence, to enhance the field of Clinical Pharmacogenomics. The interdisciplinary approach harnesses the power of advanced high-throughput genotyping technologies, sophisticated computational analysis, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Deep learning in Single Cell Analysis
The field of biology is undergoing a revolution in our ability to study individual cells at the molecular level, and to integrate data from multiple sources and modalities. This has been made possible by advances in technologies for single-cell sequencing, multi-omics profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and high-throughput imaging, as well as ...read more
Related Journals
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Critical Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Isoforms in the Physiopathology of Skeletal Muscle
Current Genomics Statin Drugs, Metabolic Pathways, and Asthma: A Therapeutic Opportunity Needing Further Research
Drug Metabolism Letters Effects of Thiazolidinediones Beyond Glycaemic Control
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: Potential Pharmacological Interventions
Current Vascular Pharmacology Gene Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Gene Therapy Age-Related Sleep Changes and its Implication in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Aging Science Nenatal Drug Induced Nephrotoxicity : Old and Next Generation Biomarkers for Early Detection and Management of Neonatal Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity, with Special Emphasis on uNGAL and on Metabolomics
Current Medicinal Chemistry Curcumin and Curcumin Derivatives for Therapeutic Applications: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Studies
Current Nutrition & Food Science Meet Our Section Editor
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Endocrine Therapies and QTc Prolongation
Current Drug Safety Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Medical Science
Current Clinical Pharmacology Inflammation and Immune Regulation as Potential Drug Targets in Antidepressant Treatment
Current Neuropharmacology Preface [Hot topic: Anti-Hypertensive Agents in Relation to Modifying Coronary Risk Factors (Executive Editor : Aurelio Leone)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Importance of Oxidative Damage on the Electron Transport Chain for the Rational Use of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Healthy and Cancerous Cells
Current Medicinal Chemistry Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: 10 Key Lessons
Current Cardiology Reviews Innate Immunity and Microbes: Conversations with the Gut Leading to Intestinal Tissue Repair and Fibrosis
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Insights into the Pathogenesis and Intervention of Atherosclerosis
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Identifying S100B as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target For Brain Injury and Multiple Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Visfatin/PBEF and Atherosclerosis-Related Diseases
Current Vascular Pharmacology