[1]
Kammer, G.M. Lupus, Molecular and Celular Pathogenesis, 1st ed; Humana Press Inc: New Jersey, USA, 1999, pp. 1-709.
[2]
Cervera, R.; Khamashta, M.A.; Font, J.; Sebastiani, G.D.; Gil, A.; Lavilla, P.; Mejia, J.C.; Aydintug, A.O.; Chwalinska-Sadowska, H.; de Ramon, E.; Fernandez-Nebro, A.; Galeazzi, M.; Valen, M.; Mathieu, A.; Houssiau, F.; Caro, N.; Alba, P.; Ramos-Casals, M.; Ingelmo, M.; Hughes, G.R. Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period: A comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Medicine , 2003, 82, 299-308.
[3]
Bertsias, G.K.; Boumpas, D.T. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric SLE manifestations. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol., 2010, 6, 358-367.
[4]
Arriens, C.; Mohan, C. Systemic lupus erythematosus diagnostics in the “omics” era. Int. J. Clin. Rheumatol., 2013, 8, 671-687.
[5]
Wright, B.L.; Lai, J.T.; Sinclair, A.J. Cerebrospinal fluid and lumbar puncture: A practical review. J. Neurol., 2012, 259(8), 1530-1545.
[6]
Colasanti, T.; Delunardo, F.; Margutti, P.; Vacirca, D.; Piro, E.; Siracusano, A.; Ortona, E. Autoantibodies involved in neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Neuroimmunol., 2009, 212, 3-9.
[7]
Zandman-Goddard, G.; Chapman, J.; Shoenfeld, Y. Autoantibodies involved in neuropsychiatric SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome. Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 2007, 36, 297-315.
[8]
Tin, S.K.; Xu, Q.; Thumboo, J.; Lee, L.Y.; Tse, C.; Fong, K.Y. Novel brain reactive autoantibodies: Prevalence in systemic lupus erythematosus and association with psychoses and seizures. J. Neuroimmunol., 2005, 169, 153-160.
[9]
Fragoso-Loyo, H.; Cabiedes, J.; Orozco-Narvaez, A.; Davila-Maldonado, L.; Atisha-Fregoso, Y.; Diamond, B.; Llorente, L.; Sanchez-Guerrero, J. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus. Implications for diagnosis and pathogenesis. PLoS One, 2008, 3, e3347.
[10]
Labrador-Horrillo, M.; Martinez-Valle, F.; Gallardo, E.; Rojas-Garcia, R.; Ordi-Ros, J.; Vilardell, M. Anti-ganglioside antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and neurological manifestations. Lupus, 2012, 21, 611-615.
[11]
Williams, R.C.; Sugiura, K.; Tan, E.M. Antibodies to microtubule-associated protein 2 in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum., 2004, 50, 1239-1247.
[12]
Tsuchiya, H.; Haga, S.; Takahashi, Y.; Kano, T.; Ishizaka, Y.; Mimori, A. Identification of novel autoantibodies to GABA(B) receptors in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology, 2014, 53, 1219-1228.
[13]
Santer, D.M.; Yoshio, T.; Minota, S.; Moller, T.; Elkon, K.B. Potent induction of IFN-alpha and chemokines by autoantibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuropsychiatric lupus. J. Immunol., 2009, 182, 1192-1201.
[14]
Sato, T.; Fujii, T.; Yokoyama, T.; Fujita, Y.; Imura, Y.; Yukawa, N.; Kawabata, D.; Nojima, T.; Ohmura, K.; Usui, T.; Mimori, T. Anti-U1 RNP antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with central neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum., 2010, 62, 3730-3740.
[15]
Sherer, Y.; Gorstein, A.; Fritzler, M.J.; Shoenfeld, Y. Autoantibody explosion in systemic lupus erythematosus: More than 100 different antibodies found in SLE patients. Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 2004, 34, 501-537.
[16]
Okamoto, H.; Kobayashi, A.; Yamanaka, H. Cytokines and chemokines in neuropsychiatric syndromes of systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 2010, 2010, 268436.
[17]
Sun, L.; Chen, H.; Hu, C.; Wang, P.; Li, Y.; Xie, J.; Tang, F.; Ba, D.; Zhang, X.; He, W. Identify biomarkers of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with weak cation magnetic beads. J. Rheumatol., 2011, 38, 454-461.
[18]
Chung, S.A.; Criswell, L.A. PTPN22: Its role in SLE and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity, 2007, 40, 582-590.
[19]
Bombardier, C.; Gladman, D.D.; Urowitz, M.B.; Caron, D.; Chang, C.H. Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The committee on prognosis studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum., 1992, 35, 630-640.
[20]
Griffiths, B.; Mosca, M.; Gordon, C. Assessment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the use of lupus disease activity indices. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol., 2005, 19, 685-708.
[21]
Petri, M.; Orbai, A-M.; Alarcón, G.S.; Gordon, C.; Merrill, J.T.; Fortin, P.R.; Bruce, I.N.; Isenberg, D.; Wallace, D.J.; Nived, O.; Sturfelt, G.; Ramsey-Goldman, R.; Bae, S-C.; Hanly, J.G.; Sánchez-Guerrero, J.; Clarke, A.; Aranow, C.; Manzi, S.; Urowitz, M.; Gladman, D.; Kalunian, K.; Costner, M.; Werth, V.P.; Zoma, A.; Bernatsky, S.; Ruiz-Irastorza, G.; Khamashta, M.A.; Jacobsen, S.; Buyon, J.P.; Maddison, P.; Dooley, M.A.; van Vollenhoven, R.F.; Ginzler, E.; Stoll, T.; Peschken, C.; Jorizzo, J.L.; Callen, J.P.; Lim, S.S.; Fessler, B.J.; Inanc, M.; Kamen, D.L.; Rahman, A.; Steinsson, K.; Franks, A.G.; Sigler, L.; Hameed, S.; Fang, H.; Pham, N.; Brey, R.; Weisman, M.H.; McGwin, G.; Magder, L.S. Jr.; Magder, L.S. Derivation and validation of the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum., 2012, 64, 2677-2686.
[22]
Bai, S.; Liu, S.; Guo, X.; Qin, Z.; Wang, B.; Li, X.; Qin, Y.; Liu, Y.H. Proteome analysis of biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica patients. Mol. Vis., 2009, 15, 1638-1648.
[23]
Mosca, M.; Bombardieri, S. Assessing remission in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol., 2006, 24, S-99-S-104.
[24]
Ahmed, R.M.; Paterson, R.W.; Warren, J.D.; Zetterberg, H.; O’Brien, J.T.; Fox, N.C.; Halliday, G.M.; Schott, J.M. Biomarkers in dementia: Clinical utility and new directions. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2014, 85, 1426-1434.
[25]
Blennow, K.; Hampel, H. CSF markers for incipient alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol., 2003, 2, 605-613.
[26]
Schutzer, S.E.; Angel, T.E.; Liu, T.; Schepmoes, A.A.; Clauss, T.R.; Adkins, J.N.; Camp, D.G.; Holland, B.K.; Bergquist, J.; Coyle, P.K.; Smith, R.D.; Fallon, B.A.; Natelson, B.H. Distinct cerebrospinal fluid proteomes differentiate post-treatment lyme disease from chronic fatigue syndrome. PLoS One, 2011, 6, e17287.
[27]
Blennow, K.; Dubois, B.; Fagan, A.M.; Lewczuk, P.; de Leon, M.J.; Hampel, H. Clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the diagnosis of early alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement., 2015, 11, 58-69.
[28]
Petrak, J.; Ivanek, R.; Toman, O.; Cmejla, R.; Cmejlova, J.; Vyoral, D.; Zivny, J.; Vulpe, C.D. Deja vu in proteomics. A hit parade of repeatedly identified differentially expressed proteins. Proteomics, 2008, 8, 1744-1749.
[29]
Fanali, G.; di Masi, A.; Trezza, V.; Marino, M.; Fasano, M.; Ascenzi, P. Human serum albumin: From bench to bedside. Mol. Aspects Med., 2012, 33, 209-290.
[30]
Kazemipour, N.; Qazizadeh, H.; Sepehrimanesh, M.; Salimi, S. Biomarkers identified from serum proteomic analysis for the differential diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 2015, 24, 582-587.
[31]
Yip, J.; Aghdassi, E.; Su, J.; Lou, W.; Reich, H.; Bargman, J.; Scholey, J.; Gladman, D.D.; Urowitz, M.B.; Fortin, P.R. Serum albumin as a marker for disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Rheumatol., 2010, 37, 1667-1672.
[32]
Galicia, J.G.; Ceuppens, J.L. Haptoglobin function and regulation in autoimmune diseases; Acute Phase Proteins-Regulat. Funct. Acute Phase Proteins, 2011, pp. 229-240.
[33]
Pavon, E.J.; Munoz, P.; Lario, A.; Longobardo, V.; Carrascal, M.; Abian, J.; Martin, A.B.; Arias, S.A.; Callejas-Rubio, J.L.; Sola, R.; Navarro-Pelayo, F.; Raya-Alvarez, E.; Ortego-Centeno, N.; Zubiaur, M.; Sancho, J. Proteomic analysis of plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Increased presence of haptoglobin alpha2 polypeptide chains over the alpha1 isoforms. Proteomics, 2006, 6(Suppl. 1), S282-S292.
[34]
Haas, B.; Serchi, T.; Wagner, D.R.; Gilson, G.; Planchon, S.; Renaut, J.; Hoffmann, L.; Bohn, T.; Devaux, Y. Proteomic analysis of plasma samples from patients with acute myocardial infarction identifies haptoglobin as a potential prognostic biomarker. J. Proteomics, 2011, 75, 229-236.
[35]
Van Vlierberghe, H.; Langlois, M.; Delanghe, J. Haptoglobin polymorphisms and iron homeostasis in health and in disease. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2004, 345, 35-42.
[36]
Hanasaki, K.; Powell, L.D.; Varki, A. Binding of human plasma sialoglycoproteins by the B cell-specific lectin CD22. Selective recognition of immunoglobulin M and haptoglobin. J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270, 7543-7550.
[37]
Zhao, X.; Song, S.; Sun, G.; Strong, R.; Zhang, J.; Grotta, J.C.; Aronowski, J. Neuroprotective role of haptoglobin after intracerebral hemorrhage. J. Neurosci., 2009, 29, 15819-15827.
[38]
Chang, K.H.; Tseng, M.Y.; Ro, L.S.; Lyu, R.K.; Tai, Y.H.; Chang, H.S.; Wu, Y.R.; Huang, C.C.; Hsu, W.C.; Kuo, H.C.; Chu, C.C.; Chen, C.M. Analyses of haptoglobin level in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2013, 417, 26-30.
[39]
Elovaara, I.; Icen, A.; Palo, J.; Erkinjuntti, T. CSF in alzheimer’s disease. Studies on blood-brain barrier function and intrathecal protein synthesis. J. Neurol. Sci., 1985, 70, 73-80.
[40]
Fragoso-Loyo, H.; Richaud-Patin, Y.; Orozco-Narvaez, A.; Davila-Maldonado, L.; Atisha-Fregoso, Y.; Llorente, L.; Sanchez-Guerrero, J. Interleukin-6 and chemokines in the neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum., 2007, 56, 1242-1250.
[41]
Hirohata, S.; Kanai, Y.; Mitsuo, A.; Tokano, Y.; Hashimoto, H. Accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid IL-6 testing for diagnosis of lupus psychosis. A multicenter retrospective study. Clin. Rheumatol., 2009, 28, 1319-1323.
[42]
Bruschi, M.; Santucci, L.; Candiano, G.; Ghiggeri, G.M. Albumin heterogeneity in low-abundance fluids. The case of urine and cerebro-spinal fluid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Gen. Subj., 2013, 1830, 5503-5508.
[43]
Domenicali, M.; Baldassarre, M.; Giannone, F.A.; Naldi, M.; Mastroroberto, M.; Biselli, M.; Laggetta, M.; Patrono, D.; Bertucci, C.; Bernardi, M.; Caraceni, P. Posttranscriptional changes of serum albumin: Clinical and prognostic significance in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology, 2014, 60, 1851-1860.
[44]
Shah, A.; Singh, H.; Sachdev, V.; Lee, J.; Yotsukura, S.; Salgia, R.; Bharti, A. Differential serum level of specific haptoglobin isoforms in small cell lung cancer. Curr. Proteomics, 2010, 7, 49-65.
[45]
Kim, H.A.; Jeon, J.Y.; Yoon, J.M.; Suh, C.H. Beta 2-microglobulin can be a disease activity marker in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am. J. Med. Sci., 2010, 339, 337-340.
[46]
Madureira-Silva, M.V.; Moscoso-Solorzano, G.T.; Nishida, S.K.; Mastroianni-Kirsztajn, G. Serum beta 2-microglobulin/cystatin C index: A useful biomarker in lupus nephritis? Nephron Extra, 2012, 2, 169-176.
[47]
Calderon, C.; Zucht, H.D.; Kuhn, A.; Wozniacka, A.; Szepietowski, J.C.; Nyberg, F.; Weichenthal, M.; Piantone, A.; Budde, P. A multicenter photoprovocation study to identify potential biomarkers by global peptide profiling in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 2015, 24, 1406-1420.
