Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are key metabolic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (αKG). IDH1 and IDH2 regulate several cellular processes, including oxidative respiration, glutamine metabolism, lipogenesis, and cellular defense against oxidative damage. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 have recently been observed in multiple tumors, including gliomas, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and chondrosarcoma. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations involve a gain in neomorphic activity that catalyzes αKG conversion to (R)-2- hydroxyglutarate ((R)-2HG). IDH mutation-mediated accumulation of (R)-2HG results in epigenetic dysregulation, altered gene expression, and a block in cellular differentiation. Targeting mutant IDH by development of small molecule inhibitors is a rapidly emerging therapeutic approach as evidenced by the recent approval of the first selective mutant IDH2 inhibitor AG-221 (enasidenib) for the treatment of IDH2-mutated AML. This review will focus on mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase as a therapeutic drug target and provides an update on selective and pan-mutant IDH1/2 inhibitors in clinical trials and other mutant IDH inhibitors that are under development.
Keywords: Isocitrate dehydrogenase, mutation, Glioma, AML, cancer metabolism, mIDH inhibitors, cancer.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Development of Novel Therapeutics Targeting Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Cancer
Volume: 18 Issue: 6
Author(s): Horrick Sharma*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096,United States
Keywords: Isocitrate dehydrogenase, mutation, Glioma, AML, cancer metabolism, mIDH inhibitors, cancer.
Abstract: Isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are key metabolic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (αKG). IDH1 and IDH2 regulate several cellular processes, including oxidative respiration, glutamine metabolism, lipogenesis, and cellular defense against oxidative damage. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 have recently been observed in multiple tumors, including gliomas, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and chondrosarcoma. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations involve a gain in neomorphic activity that catalyzes αKG conversion to (R)-2- hydroxyglutarate ((R)-2HG). IDH mutation-mediated accumulation of (R)-2HG results in epigenetic dysregulation, altered gene expression, and a block in cellular differentiation. Targeting mutant IDH by development of small molecule inhibitors is a rapidly emerging therapeutic approach as evidenced by the recent approval of the first selective mutant IDH2 inhibitor AG-221 (enasidenib) for the treatment of IDH2-mutated AML. This review will focus on mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase as a therapeutic drug target and provides an update on selective and pan-mutant IDH1/2 inhibitors in clinical trials and other mutant IDH inhibitors that are under development.
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Cite this article as:
Sharma Horrick*, Development of Novel Therapeutics Targeting Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Cancer, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 18 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180518091144
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180518091144 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
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