Abstract
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide and their incidence is increasing due to the aging population. At the moment, the available therapies are not disease modifying and have several limitations, some of which are discussed in this review. One of the main limitations of these treatments is the low concentration that drugs reach in the central nervous system after systemic administration. Indeed, the presence of biological barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hinders the effective drug delivery to the brain, reducing the potential benefit coming from the administration of the medication. In this review, the mechanisms of transport across the BBB and new methods to improve drug passage across the BBB are discussed. These methods include non-invasive solutions such as intranasal and intravitreal administration, and the use of nanotechnology solutions based on polymeric carriers when the drug is intravenously injected, orally taken for intestine adsorption or delivered through the dermal mucosa. Also, it provides an analysis of more invasive solutions that include intracranially injected hydrogels and implanted devices for local drug delivery. Efforts in finding new therapeutic drugs blocking neurodegenerative disease progression or reverting their course should be coupled with efforts addressed to efficient drug delivery systems. Hence, new pharmacology discoveries together with advancements in nanotechnologies and biomaterials for regenerative medicine are required to effectively counteract neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, intranasal delivery, intravenous delivery, intravitreal delivery, nanotechnologies, neurodegenerative diseases, oral delivery, transdermal delivery.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers
Volume: 25 Issue: 41
Author(s): Chiara Tonda-Turo, Nicola Origlia, Clara Mattu, Alice Accorroni and Valeria Chiono*
Affiliation:
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin,Italy
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, intranasal delivery, intravenous delivery, intravitreal delivery, nanotechnologies, neurodegenerative diseases, oral delivery, transdermal delivery.
Abstract: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide and their incidence is increasing due to the aging population. At the moment, the available therapies are not disease modifying and have several limitations, some of which are discussed in this review. One of the main limitations of these treatments is the low concentration that drugs reach in the central nervous system after systemic administration. Indeed, the presence of biological barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hinders the effective drug delivery to the brain, reducing the potential benefit coming from the administration of the medication. In this review, the mechanisms of transport across the BBB and new methods to improve drug passage across the BBB are discussed. These methods include non-invasive solutions such as intranasal and intravitreal administration, and the use of nanotechnology solutions based on polymeric carriers when the drug is intravenously injected, orally taken for intestine adsorption or delivered through the dermal mucosa. Also, it provides an analysis of more invasive solutions that include intracranially injected hydrogels and implanted devices for local drug delivery. Efforts in finding new therapeutic drugs blocking neurodegenerative disease progression or reverting their course should be coupled with efforts addressed to efficient drug delivery systems. Hence, new pharmacology discoveries together with advancements in nanotechnologies and biomaterials for regenerative medicine are required to effectively counteract neurodegenerative diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tonda-Turo Chiara , Origlia Nicola , Mattu Clara , Accorroni Alice and Chiono Valeria *, Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (41) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180221125759
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180221125759 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
In Vivo Bio-imaging Using Chlorotoxin-based Conjugates
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Status of Delivery Systems to Improve Target Efficacy of Oligonu-cleotides
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase in Neuroblastoma
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Glioma Therapy: A Novel Insight in the Immunotherapeutic Regime with T11TS/SLFA-3
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Endogenous Events Modulating Myogenic Regulation of Cerebrovascular Function
Current Vascular Pharmacology Targeting Microtubules to Inhibit Angiogenesis and Disrupt Tumour Vasculature:Implications for Cancer Treatment
Current Cancer Drug Targets Highlighting the Potential Role of Exosomes as the Targeted Nanotherapeutic Carrier in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Current Drug Delivery Role of Progesterone in Human Astrocytomas Growth
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Nanoparticles: Functionalization and Multifunctional Applications in Biomedical Sciences
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Ion Channels in Leukemias: A New Challenge for Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Stem Cell-Like Brain Cancer Cells
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Advances in Nanomedicine Towards Clinical Application in Oncology and Immunology
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology BUB1B Promotes Proliferation of Prostate Cancer via Transcriptional Regulation of MELK
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Reconceptualizing Adult Neurogenesis: Role for Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 in Co-Ordinating Astrocyte-Neuronal Precursor Interactions
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Hydrolyzed Rutin Decreases Worsening of Anaplasia in Glioblastoma Relapse
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Potential of Polyphenolic Nutraceuticals in the Management of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Current Nutraceuticals Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Anti-angiogenesis as Anti-cancer Therapies
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) Gossypetin Inhibits Solar-UV Induced Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma Through Direct Inhibiting PBK/TOPK Protein Kinase
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Glioblastoma: A Review
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Tropism-Modified Adenoviral and Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy