Title:Oral Vaccination Through Peyer's Patches: Update on Particle Uptake
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Author(s): Edna Filipa Pais Soares and Olga Maria Fernandes Borges*
Affiliation:
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra,Portugal
Keywords:
M-cell ligands, oral vaccination, Peyer's patches, polymeric particles properties, targeted vaccines, microparticles.
Abstract: Background: Oral immunization has numerous advantages over parenteral administrations.
In addition to ease administration, more effective pathogen elimination on the mucosa before spreading
into the blood circulation, constitutes the main benefit. This is particularly true for pathogens that enter
the body through the oral route. On the other hand, it is the most challenging administration route for
peptides, proteins and recombinant antigens due to gastrointestinal (GI) tract, numerous barriers including
the harsh environment and the inherent weak immunogenicity. In addition to the adjuvant properties,
polymeric particles arise as the most promising strategy to overcome poor antigen bioavailability/
stability upon oral administration. The Peyer's patches have been considered an important structure
of the gut associate lymphoid tissue (GALT) for the initiation of the immune response towards particulate
oral antigens.
Objective: The transport mechanism of both, nano and microparticles across intestinal mucosa, particularly
throughout Peyer's patches, is discussed in this review.
Conclusion: We provide a short and concise update (last decade) focused on the importance of particle
physicochemical properties, M-cell ligands and size-dependent transport and intracellular fate concerning
Peyer's patches targeted oral vaccination.
