Title:Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses to Bordetella pertussis Inactivated Whole-Cells Encapsulated Alginate Microspheres as a New Vaccine Candidate
Volume: 18
Issue: 7
Author(s): Naser M. Dounighi, Fereshteh Shahcheraghi*, Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh*, Mojtaba Nofeli and Hossein Zolfagharian
Affiliation:
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13164,Iran
- Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13164, Tehran,Iran
Keywords:
Bordetella pertussis, microparticle, whole-cell vaccine, cytokines, humoral immunity, alginate microspheres.
Abstract: Effectiveness of the whole-cell pertussis vaccine is apparent, but improvement in the quality
of the vaccine is necessary to achieve strong immunogenicity with a low bacterial number content.
Method: Inactivated Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) cells entrapped microspheres were prepared via
an emulsification method and analyzed for morphology, size, size distribution, loading efficiency, loading
capacity, release kinetic, in vivo cytokines and antigen specific antibody subclasses.
Results: Bordetella pertussis encapsulated microspheres exhibited a smooth surface and spherical
shape, mean particle size 151.1 µm, size distribution index 0.43, loading efficiency 89.6%, loading capacity
36.3% and release kinetic similar to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Splenocytes of animals immunized
with new microsphere-based whole-cell vaccine produced greater quantities of IFN-γ and
higher amounts of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines compared to conventional adjuvant-adsorbed vaccines.
Conventional adjuvant-adsorbed vaccines produced smaller quantities of IL-4 and IL-5. Bordetella pertussis
entrapped microspheres induced both cell-mediated and humoral antibody in mice, evidenced by
high levels of IgG2a and IgG1. IgG2a levels in mice were enhanced using the common aluminum
phosphate-adsorbed B. pertussis whole-cell vaccine, and IgG1 levels did not increase significantly.
Bordetella pertussis entrapped microspheres and common B. pertussis whole-cell vaccine samples enhanced
total IgG levels in mice; however, B. pertussis-entrapped microspheres produced significantly
higher levels of total IgG than other test samples.
Conclusion: Encapsulation of inactive B. pertussis cells in microspheres appears to be a suitable approach
for improving the wP vaccine quality, in particular by decreasing its toxicity to obtain good
cell-mediated and humoral immunogenicity with a low bacterial number content.