摘要
背景:神经系统中分子标记(通常是蛋白质或mRNA)表达的知识可以提供对信号处理和传播的化学蓝图的了解,有助于跟踪发育或病理进展,并产生关于潜在药物靶标的关键信息。鉴于其无与伦比的细胞多样性,这些标记在哺乳动物脑中特别重要。因此,分子表达谱正在迅速成为分类神经元类型的主要方法。然而,尽管有大量的研究,通常用于区分神经元类型的分子标记的生物学功能尚未完全了解。此外,哺乳动物神经元类型的大多数分子标记也存在于其他器官中,因此复杂化了它们潜在的药理学相互作用的考虑。 目的:在这里,我们从五个类别调查了15个突出的神经化学标志物,即膜转运蛋白,钙结合蛋白,神经肽,受体和细胞外基质蛋白,解释了它们与突触传播的关系和相关性。 方法:对于每个标记,我们总结基本的结构特征,细胞功能,脑内和外部的分布,以及已知的药物作用剂和作用机制。 结论:这个基本的引物将大脑的细胞复杂性,神经传递中关键分子参与者的化学性质和可能的生物医学机会联系在一起。
关键词: 分子标记,膜转运蛋白,钙结合蛋白,神经肽,受体,细胞外基质蛋白,神经元类型,药物效应器。
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Neurochemical Markers in the Mammalian Brain: Structure, Roles in Synaptic Communication, and Pharmacological Relevance
Volume: 24 Issue: 28
关键词: 分子标记,膜转运蛋白,钙结合蛋白,神经肽,受体,细胞外基质蛋白,神经元类型,药物效应器。
摘要: Background: Knowledge of molecular marker (typically protein or mRNA) expression in neural systems can provide insight to the chemical blueprint of signal processing and transmission, assist in tracking developmental or pathological progressions, and yield key information regarding potential medicinal targets. These markers are particularly relevant in the mammalian brain in the light of its unsurpassed cellular diversity. Accordingly, molecular expression profiling is rapidly becoming a major approach to classify neuron types. Despite a profusion of research, however, the biological functions of molecular markers commonly used to distinguish neuron types remain incompletely understood. Furthermore, most molecular markers of mammalian neuron types are also present in other organs, therefore complicating considerations of their potential pharmacological interactions.
Objective: Here, we survey 15 prominent neurochemical markers from five categories, namely membrane transporters, calcium-binding proteins, neuropeptides, receptors, and extracellular matrix proteins, explaining their relation and relevance to synaptic communication.
Method: For each marker, we summarize fundamental structural features, cellular functionality, distributions within and outside the brain, as well as known drug effectors and mechanisms of action.
Conclusion: This essential primer thus links together the cellular complexity of the brain, the chemical properties of key molecular players in neurotransmission, and possible biomedical opportunities.
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Cite this article as:
Neurochemical Markers in the Mammalian Brain: Structure, Roles in Synaptic Communication, and Pharmacological Relevance, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 24 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170414163506
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170414163506 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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