摘要
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是非编码小RNA分子在转录后水平调控靶基因的表达,控制绝大多数细胞活动包括增殖、分化、存活、衰老、自噬、代谢和基因组稳定性。即使在miRNA的表达水平的改变可能导致轻微的病理状态的发展,包括癌症。一些研究已经证明黑素细胞调控miRNA的重要性。致癌miRNA上调,主要通过扩增miRNA基因的易位,并下调抑癌miRNA(抗oncomiRs)的缺失和突变,以及异常处理的启动子甲基化有助于黑色素瘤的发生和发展。在黑色素瘤进展的各个阶段,肿瘤细胞表现出miRNA表达不同的配置文件,与正常黑素细胞的比较。此外,由于miRNA是稳定的分子,可以在体液,如血液和唾液,就可以作为有效的非侵入性的预后标志物的疾病进展和对治疗的反应。本文综述了关于miRNA介导的黑素细胞和黑色素瘤的发展控制最近的研究结果,并提出了miRNA作为这种疾病的预后指标。
关键词: 黑色素细胞,黑色素,黑色素瘤,oncomiR
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:miRNAs in Melanoma: Tumor Suppressors and Oncogenes with Prognostic Potential
Volume: 23 Issue: 28
Author(s): Michal Wozniak, Aleksandra Mielczarek, Malgorzata Czyz
Affiliation:
关键词: 黑色素细胞,黑色素,黑色素瘤,oncomiR
摘要: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of target genes, control the vast majority of cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, senescence, autophagy, metabolism and genome stability. Even slight alterations in miRNA expression levels may induce the development of pathological states, including cancer. Several studies have already demonstrated the importance of miRNAs in the regulation of melanocytes. Upregulation of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), mainly by amplification and translocation of miRNA genes, and downregulation of oncosuppressor miRNAs (anti-oncomiRs) by deletion and other mutations, promoter methylation and abnormal processing contributes to melanoma initiation and progression. At each phase of melanoma progression, tumor cells exhibit distinct profiles of miRNA expression, as compared with normal melanocytes. Moreover, as miRNAs are stable molecules that can be identified in bodily fluids, such as blood and saliva, they can serve as potent non-invasive prognostic markers of disease progression and response to therapy. This review summarizes recent findings regarding miRNA-mediated control of melanocytes and melanoma development, and presents miRNAs as prognostic markers for this disease.
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Cite this article as:
Michal Wozniak, Aleksandra Mielczarek, Malgorzata Czyz , miRNAs in Melanoma: Tumor Suppressors and Oncogenes with Prognostic Potential, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 23 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666160831164544
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666160831164544 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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