Title:Cellular Oxidative/Antioxidant Balance in γ-Irradiated Brain: An Update
Volume: 16
Issue: 12
Author(s): Elizabeth Robello, Julián G Bonetto and Susana Puntarulo
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Antioxidant protection, fetal brain, gamma irradiation, nitrosative stress, oxidative stress.
Abstract: Both epidemiological and experimental data indicate that ionizing radiation (IR) may
disrupt developmental processes leading to deleterious effects on brain functions. A central role of
reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), as important mediators in neurotoxicity and
neuroprotection, has been demonstrated. Primary ionization events triggered by IR are amplified and
propagated by mechanisms involving ROS and RNS, which activate several signaling pathways
leading to final radiation effects. The immature and adult brain display clear differences in the way
they respond to insults. Moreover, a great deal of attention is being focus on the limited antioxidant capacity and the
particular lipid composition of cell membranes of the developing brain that render it more vulnerable to oxidative stress.
The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of alterations in the balance between
oxidative/nitrosative stress and antioxidant capacity in the pathways involved in cellular radiation response, with
particular focus on the possible therapies proposed to limit radiation-induced effects in the brain.
