Title:Linkage of Stress with Neuromuscular Disorders
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Author(s): Ghulam M. Ashraf, Ashraf Ali, Shams Tabrez, Syed Kashif Zaidi, Shazi Shakil, Mohammad Z. Alam, Mohammad Rehan and Gjumrakch Aliev
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Stress, neuromuscular disorders, neuromuscular junction, fibromyalgia syndrome, oxidative stress.
Abstract: Aging is associated with a progressive loss of muscle strength and mass, and a decline in
neurophysiologic functions, which are characteristic features of neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Understanding aging
induced neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction is very crucial to understand the mechanism underlying NMDs.
Morphological and physiological changes result in remodelling of the motor unit and a decline in the number of motor
neuron muscle fibres. These alterations lead to excitation–contraction uncoupling and a loss of communication between
the neuromuscular system, causing a decline in skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass. Understanding the molecular
basis of NMJ dysfunction is essential in search for new treatment options. Besides structural and molecular studies, search
for animal models to establish connection between brain and muscle is needed. Among various factors it has been
observed that stress is one of the leading causes of NMDs. In the present review, we aim to explore various factors linking
stress and NMDs neuromuscular disorders which gets aggravated by aging, with a special emphasis on mitochondrial
connection. This in turn will help us gain new insights in the treatment of NMDs by aiding in improved symptoms,
increased mobility and prolonged life.
