Title:Molecular Imaging of Breast Cancer: Role of RGD Peptides
Volume: 15
Issue: 13
Author(s): Rubel Chakravarty, Sudipta Chakraborty and Ashutosh Dash
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Angiogenesis, Breast Cancer, Integrin αvβ3, Molecular Imaging, RGD Peptide.
Abstract: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women of all ages worldwide.
With advances in molecular imaging procedures, it has been possible to detect breast cancer in its
early stage, determine the extent of the disease to administer appropriate therapeutic protocol and also
monitor the effects of treatment. By accurately characterizing the tumor properties and biological
processes involved, molecular imaging can play a crucial role in minimizing the morbidity and
mortality associated with breast cancer. The integrin αvβ3 plays an important role in breast cancer
angiogenesis and is expressed on tumor endothelial cells as well as on some tumor cells. It is a
receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins with the exposed arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) tripeptide sequence
and therefore RGD peptides can preferentially bind to integrin αvβ3. In this context, targeting tumor vasculature or tumor
cells by RGD-based probes is a promising strategy for molecular imaging of breast cancer. Using RGD-based probes,
several preclinical studies have employed different imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET),
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and optical
imaging for visualization of integrin αvβ3 expression in breast cancer models. Limited clinical trials using 18F-labeled
RGD peptides have also been initiated for non-invasive detection and staging of breast cancer. Herein, we provide a
comprehensive overview of the latest advances in molecular imaging of breast cancer using RGD peptide-based probes
and discuss the challenges and opportunities for advancement of the field. The reported strategies for molecular imaging
of breast cancer using RGD peptide-based probes holds promise for making clinically translatable advances that can
positively impact the overall diagnostic and therapeutic processes and result in improved quality of life for breast cancer
patients.
