Title:Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder: Effects of Pharmacotherapy
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Author(s): Edward Callaly, Ken Walder, Gerwyn Morris, Michael Maes, Monojit Debnath and Michael Berk
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Bipolar disorder, mitochondria, mood stabiliser, oxidative stress, neuroprogression.
Abstract: Bipolar disorder is a common, chronic, and complex mental illness. Bipolar disorder is
frequently comorbid with primary mitochondrial and metabolic disorders, and studies have implicated mitochondrial
dysfunction in its pathophysiology. In the brains of people with bipolar disorder, high-energy phosphates are decreased,
lactate is elevated and pH decreased, which together suggest a shift toward glycolysis for energy production. Furthermore,
oxidative stress is increased, and calcium signalling dysregulated. Additionally there is downregulation of the expression
of mitochondrial complexes, especially complex I. The therapeutic effects of some bipolar disorder drugs have recently
been shown to be related to these mechanisms. In this review we will evaluate current research on the interactions
between mitochondrial dysfunction and bipolar disorder pathology. We will then appraise the current literature describing
the effects of bipolar disorder drugs on mitochondrial function, and discuss ramifications for future research.
