Abstract
Over the last century, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has dramatically increased, reaching the status of epidemic. Because insulin resistance is considered the primary cause of type 2 diabetes, the identification of the cellular processes and gene networks that lead to an impairment of insulin action in target tissues is of crucial importance for the development of new drugs and therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent the disease. Numerous studies in humans and animal models have shown that insulin resistance is frequently associated to reduced mitochondrial mass or oxidative function in insulin sensitive tissues, leading to the hypothesis that defective overall mitochondrial activity could play a relevant role in the etiology of insulin resistance and, therefore, in type 2 diabetes. Although the causal relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance is still controversial, numerous studies show that lifestyle or pharmacological interventions that improve insulin sensitivity are frequently associated to an increase in mitochondrial function and whole body energy expenditure. Therefore, increasing mitochondrial mass and oxidative activity is viewed as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of insulin resistance. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and discuss some of the potential therapeutic strategies and pharmacological targets for the treatment of insulin resistance based on the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and the increase of mitochondrial oxidative function.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, mitochondrial dysfunction, calorie restriction, exercise, AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Targeting Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Treat Insulin Resistance
Volume: 20 Issue: 35
Author(s): Monica Zamora and Josep A. Villena
Affiliation:
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, mitochondrial dysfunction, calorie restriction, exercise, AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1.
Abstract: Over the last century, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has dramatically increased, reaching the status of epidemic. Because insulin resistance is considered the primary cause of type 2 diabetes, the identification of the cellular processes and gene networks that lead to an impairment of insulin action in target tissues is of crucial importance for the development of new drugs and therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent the disease. Numerous studies in humans and animal models have shown that insulin resistance is frequently associated to reduced mitochondrial mass or oxidative function in insulin sensitive tissues, leading to the hypothesis that defective overall mitochondrial activity could play a relevant role in the etiology of insulin resistance and, therefore, in type 2 diabetes. Although the causal relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance is still controversial, numerous studies show that lifestyle or pharmacological interventions that improve insulin sensitivity are frequently associated to an increase in mitochondrial function and whole body energy expenditure. Therefore, increasing mitochondrial mass and oxidative activity is viewed as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of insulin resistance. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and discuss some of the potential therapeutic strategies and pharmacological targets for the treatment of insulin resistance based on the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and the increase of mitochondrial oxidative function.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zamora Monica and Villena A. Josep, Targeting Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Treat Insulin Resistance, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140306102514
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140306102514 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Blood-based biomarkers in large-scale screening for neurodegenerative diseases
Disease biomarkers are necessary tools that can be employ in several clinical context of use (COU), ranging from the (early) diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, to monitor of disease state and/or drug efficacy. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a battery of well-validated biomarkers are available, such as cerebrospinal fluid ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Diabetes mellitus: advances in diagnosis and treatment driving by precision medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with ever increasing prevalence worldwide which is now an epidemic disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. Insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells unable to maintain blood glucose homeostasis is the main feature of this disease. Multifactorial and complex nature of ...read more
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Protective Effects of Curcumin Against Nephrotoxic Agents
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Potential Application of Non-flavonoid Phenolics in Diabetes: Antiinflammatory Effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry Fathoming the Role of mTOR in Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications
Current Molecular Pharmacology Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Pathophysiological Conditions
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes: The Role of Protein Kinase C
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) New Advances in Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System – the Role of Direct Renin Inhibition
Current Hypertension Reviews Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Betaxolol, Clopidogrel and Imidapril in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Current Analytical Chemistry Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Diagnosis and Treatment
Current Drug Safety Hydrogels Based on Interpenetrating Network of Chitosan and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone for pH-Sensitive Delivery of Repaglinide
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Complications of Diabetes: An Insight into Genetic Polymorphism and Role of Insulin
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Excessive Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Diabetes: Inhibition by Tetracycline Analogues with Zinc Reactivity
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Study of Correlation between Anti-peroxidative Potential of Quercetin and Ascorbic Acid with Malondialdehyde by RP-HPLC
Current Chemical Biology How to Keep Oxidative Stress Under Control?
Current Nutrition & Food Science Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome: Is There a Link?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chinese Herbal Formulas and Renal Fibrosis: An Overview
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sirtuins as Possible Drug Targets in Type 2 Diabetes
Current Drug Targets Inflammation and Chronic Oxidative Stress in Radiation-Induced Late Normal Tissue Injury: Therapeutic Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Halving Your Cake and Eating it, Too: A Case-based Discussion and Review of Metabolic Rehabilitation for Obese Adults with Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Electro-Acupuncture Protects Diabetic Nephropathy-Induced Inflammation Through Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Renal Macrophage Isolation
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Cerebrovascular Complications of Diabetes: Focus on Stroke
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets