Title:Role of α- and β-adrenergic Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Injuries Characterized by Edema, Inflammation and Fibrosis
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Author(s): Beate Rassler
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Acute lung injury, adrenergic agonists, adrenergic antagonists, isoproterenol, norepinephrine, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, phenylephrine, sympathetic stimulation.
Abstract: Adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the formation of several types of pulmonary edema (PE) such as
neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) or PE in patients with pheochromocytoma, but also in the development of pulmonary
fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. In severe cases of PE such as in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), PE
is typically accompanied by inflammation and followed by pulmonary vascular hypertrophy and pulmonary fibrosis.
Norepinephrine and other adrenoceptor agonists are known to provoke activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as
interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. These cytokines are involved both in the pathogenesis of PE and of pulmonary fibrosis. We
therefore assume that adrenergic mechanisms may have an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary injuries
characterized by edema, inflammation and fibrosis. The contribution of adrenoceptor stimulation, particularly the distinct
role of α- and β-adrenergic mechanisms, to the development of PE and pulmonary fibrosis is reviewed in this paper.