Title:Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Action of Indian Traditional Medicinal Plants
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Author(s): Sandeep Dhankhar, Seema Dhankhar, Sonam Ruhil, Manish Kumar, Neetu Phougat, Meenakshi Balhara, Anu Singh and A.K. Chhillar
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Antibacterial, drugs, Escherichia coli, infections, medicinal plants, toxicity.
Abstract: The biological properties of medicinal plants have been documented worldwide for many centuries. However,
the top priority for the biomedical field is the search for safe and effective antibacterial agents against the wide variety of
bacterial infections. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate various phytoconstituents and in-vitro antibacterial activity
of crude extracts from Aegle marmelos, Capparis aphylla, Callistemon lanceolatus, Commelina bengalensis, Justicia
adhatoda, Argemona mexicana, Achyranthes aspera, Catharanthus roseus and Syzygium cumini. The antibacterial activity
of different solvent (Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Acetone, Methanol and water) extracts prepared from nine plants
were screened against some reference strain of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus
vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi) by using resazurin based microtitre dilution assay and disc diffusion assay.
The presence of phenols, tannins, flavanoids, terpenoid, steroids, alkaloids and saponins in the different extracts were
established. A minimum inhibitory concentration of these bioactive extracts ranges from 6.00 to 0.37 mg/ml. In disc diffusion
assay, at concentration of 25.0 µg/disc of some crude extracts showed significant activity against six bacterial strains.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) studies were performed for the most bioactive plant leaves’ extracts
which resulted in the identification of several bioactive compounds. Moreover, the most of bioactive extracts were found
to be safe and non-toxic by acute toxicity study. This data indicate that these naturally occurring medicinal plants have antibacterial
potential and could be active as new potential antibacterial drugs with least toxic effects.
