Title:Multifaceted Approach to Circadian Rhythm: Redox, Oxidative Stress, Melatonin, Antioxidants, Nitric Oxide, Hypoxia, Anesthetics, Cortisol and Cocaine
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Author(s): Peter Kovacic and Ratnasamy Somanathan
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Antioxidants, circadian rhythms, cortisol, cocaine, hypoxia, melatonin, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, redox
states.
Abstract: There is a vast literature dealing with various aspects of the circadian clock. This review provides examples of
the multifaceted nature, of namely redox, oxidative stress, melatonin, antioxidants, nitric oxide, hypoxia, anesthetics, cortisol
and cocaine. The redox and oxidative stress features reflect the involvement of electron transfer and radical species,
which can exert either beneficial or deleterious effects. The harmful aspects can be countered by antioxidants. Melatonin
is a brain hormone that is known to play a widespread role in the biochemistry of the circadian clock. Nitric oxide is widespread
in the human body and plays a variety of roles. Hypoxia has been broadly discussed in relation to circadian rhythm,
e.g., in high altitude flight. The anesthetic topic completes the list.
