Abstract
One of the most oxidation-sensitive amino acids is methionine. Oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide (MetO) could, on the one hand, be an important component of signal transduction pathways and on the other hand, may lower the cellular antioxidant capacity, alter protein function, interfere with signal transduction, and damage proteins. The latter changes could lead to the accumulation and malfunction of various proteins. As a result, enhanced development of certain diseases and signs of aging may occur. So far, two major enzymes that could reduce MetO in proteins have been described, denoted as MsrA and MsrB (Methionine sulfoxide reductases). In general, Msrs have been shown to be important in protecting cells from oxidative stress throughout many species from bacteria to mammals. In addition, the activities of certain enzymes could be restored or controlled following reduction of their MetO residues, through the Msr system. Of all Msrs, MsrA seems to be important in controlling MetO reduction in general and MsrB, thioredoxin reductase (Trr), and the adhesion capabilities of certain bacterial cells in particular. The recently discovered MsrB can reduce specifically the R-MetO enantiomer while MsrA can reduce specifically the S-MetO enantiomer. Another significant difference between MsrA and MsrB is that the latters major form in mammalian cells is a selenoprotein. The current review will discuss the major characteristics of methionine sulfoxide reductases as physiological antioxidants, repair systems, and cellular regulating enzymes.
Keywords: methionine oxidation, methionine sulfoxide reductase, oxidative stress, alzheimer, parkinson, aging, antioxidants, and signal transduction
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Roles of Methionine Suldfoxide Reductases in Antioxidant Defense, Protein Regulation and Survival
Volume: 11 Issue: 11
Author(s): Jackob Moskovitz
Affiliation:
Keywords: methionine oxidation, methionine sulfoxide reductase, oxidative stress, alzheimer, parkinson, aging, antioxidants, and signal transduction
Abstract: One of the most oxidation-sensitive amino acids is methionine. Oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide (MetO) could, on the one hand, be an important component of signal transduction pathways and on the other hand, may lower the cellular antioxidant capacity, alter protein function, interfere with signal transduction, and damage proteins. The latter changes could lead to the accumulation and malfunction of various proteins. As a result, enhanced development of certain diseases and signs of aging may occur. So far, two major enzymes that could reduce MetO in proteins have been described, denoted as MsrA and MsrB (Methionine sulfoxide reductases). In general, Msrs have been shown to be important in protecting cells from oxidative stress throughout many species from bacteria to mammals. In addition, the activities of certain enzymes could be restored or controlled following reduction of their MetO residues, through the Msr system. Of all Msrs, MsrA seems to be important in controlling MetO reduction in general and MsrB, thioredoxin reductase (Trr), and the adhesion capabilities of certain bacterial cells in particular. The recently discovered MsrB can reduce specifically the R-MetO enantiomer while MsrA can reduce specifically the S-MetO enantiomer. Another significant difference between MsrA and MsrB is that the latters major form in mammalian cells is a selenoprotein. The current review will discuss the major characteristics of methionine sulfoxide reductases as physiological antioxidants, repair systems, and cellular regulating enzymes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Moskovitz Jackob, Roles of Methionine Suldfoxide Reductases in Antioxidant Defense, Protein Regulation and Survival, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612053507846
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612053507846 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Blood-based biomarkers in large-scale screening for neurodegenerative diseases
Disease biomarkers are necessary tools that can be employ in several clinical context of use (COU), ranging from the (early) diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, to monitor of disease state and/or drug efficacy. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a battery of well-validated biomarkers are available, such as cerebrospinal fluid ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Diabetes mellitus: advances in diagnosis and treatment driving by precision medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with ever increasing prevalence worldwide which is now an epidemic disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. Insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells unable to maintain blood glucose homeostasis is the main feature of this disease. Multifactorial and complex nature of ...read more
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Amelioration of Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury with Calendula Officinalis
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Subject Index Volume 6
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Depression Related Pathophysiologies Relevant in Heart Disease: Insights into the Mechanism Based on Pharmacological Treatments
Current Cardiology Reviews Metabolism of Direct-acting Antiviral Agents (DAAs) in Hepatitis C Therapy: A Review of the Literature
Current Drug Metabolism Studying Interactions of Drugs with Cell Membrane Nutrient Transporters: New Frontiers of Proteoliposome Nanotechnology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of Coenzyme Q and Creatine Supplementation on Brain Energy Metabolism in Rats Exposed to Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Current Alzheimer Research Antipsychotics as Psychosis Drugs and Neuroprotective Promoters Evaluated by Chemical QSAR - in silico and in vivo Studies
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Functional Interactions Between B Lymphocytes and the Innate Immune System
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Sodium Butyrate Functions as an Antidepressant and Improves Cognition with Enhanced Neurotrophic Expression in Models of Maternal Deprivation and Chronic Mild Stress
Current Neurovascular Research SYMPOSIA
Adolescent Psychiatry Selenium and Neurological Diseases: Focus on Peripheral Pain and TRP Channels
Current Neuropharmacology The Structural Alteration and Aggregation of Bovine Lens Gamma-Crystallin by Homocysteinylation; The Pathomechanism Underlying Cataract Development During Hyperhomocysteinimia
Protein & Peptide Letters Opportunities and Challenges for Host-Directed Therapies in Tuberculosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Use of Osmotic Dehydration to Improve Fruits and Vegetables Quality During Processing
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture OMEGA-3 Interventions in Alcohol Dependence and Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Propositions
Current Neuropharmacology Meet Our Editorial Board Member:
Current Molecular Pharmacology Translating Enzymology into Metabolic Regulation: The Case of the 2- Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex
Current Chemical Biology CCR1 and CCR2 Antagonists
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Preconcentration and Determination of Solifenacin Using Hollow Fiber Microextraction Coupled with HPLC
Current Analytical Chemistry Joint Occurrence of Pain and Sleep Disturbances in People with Dementia. A Systematic Review
Current Alzheimer Research