Painting the Target Around the Arrow: Two-Step Prodrug Therapies from a Carbohydrate Chemists Perspective

Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and brain tumors, pose significant challenges in drug delivery due to the blood-brain barrier's intricate structure and the complexity of neuronal networks. Traditional drug delivery methods often fall short in reaching therapeutic concentrations within the central nervous system, limiting treatment efficacy and ...read more

In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more

Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access to both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released from almost all types of cells into extracellular space. EVs are categorized into different types including exosome (~30-150 nm), microvesicle or microparticle (~100-1,000 nm), apoptotic body (~1,000-5,000 nm), and others produced by different mechanisms. Since EVs bear the molecules (e.g., specific lipids, carbohydrates, ...read more