Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) represent the majority of hepatic malignancies and are among the most frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide with a rising incidence in western countries. Upon progression of liver cancer, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered a key process that drives intrahepatic metastasis. EMT is the transformation of epithelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype exacerbating motility and invasiveness of various epithelial cell types. In this review we focus on EMT in hepatic fibrosis, HCC and CCC that is governed by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. This cytokine has been shown to play diverse and conflicting roles in malignant development, acting as a tumor-suppressor in early cancerogenesis but enhancing tumor dissemination in later stages of tumor progression. Importantly, TGF-β can induce EMT in a variety of cancers including HCC and CCC, even though the complex molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully understood. We aim at collecting recent findings on the impact of TGF-β-induced EMT in liver carcinoma progression and at discussing new insights on promising drugable targets for future therapeutic approaches against CCC and HCC.
Keywords: HCC, CCC, EMT, TGF-β, metastasis, cancer, epithelial cell types, hepatic fibrosis, liver carcinoma progression, tumor-suppressor.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:TGF-β in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis of Liver Carcinoma
Volume: 18 Issue: 27
Author(s): Patrick Reichl, Christine Haider, Markus Grubinger and Wolfgang Mikulits
Affiliation:
Keywords: HCC, CCC, EMT, TGF-β, metastasis, cancer, epithelial cell types, hepatic fibrosis, liver carcinoma progression, tumor-suppressor.
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) represent the majority of hepatic malignancies and are among the most frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide with a rising incidence in western countries. Upon progression of liver cancer, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered a key process that drives intrahepatic metastasis. EMT is the transformation of epithelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype exacerbating motility and invasiveness of various epithelial cell types. In this review we focus on EMT in hepatic fibrosis, HCC and CCC that is governed by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. This cytokine has been shown to play diverse and conflicting roles in malignant development, acting as a tumor-suppressor in early cancerogenesis but enhancing tumor dissemination in later stages of tumor progression. Importantly, TGF-β can induce EMT in a variety of cancers including HCC and CCC, even though the complex molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully understood. We aim at collecting recent findings on the impact of TGF-β-induced EMT in liver carcinoma progression and at discussing new insights on promising drugable targets for future therapeutic approaches against CCC and HCC.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Reichl Patrick, Haider Christine, Grubinger Markus and Mikulits Wolfgang, TGF-β in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis of Liver Carcinoma, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802430477
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802430477 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
A New Approach to Locate the Gallbladder from Ultrasound Image Using Intensity Stretching and SOM-based Color Quantization
Current Medical Imaging The Use of the Inhibitory Receptors for Modulating the Immune Responses
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulation of the Activity of the Human Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1: Role of Genetic and Non Genetic Factors
Current Pharmaceutical Design ANTI-ADHESION Evolves To a Promising Therapeutic Concept in Oncology
Current Medicinal Chemistry Expression, Regulation, and Role of an Oligopeptide Transporter: PEPT1 in Tumors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Drug Delivery Systems and Combination Therapy by Using Vinca Alkaloids
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of EGFR-Met Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma and Resistance to Treatment
Current Cancer Drug Targets Radiolabelled Regulatory Peptides for Imaging and Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms of Action of DNA-Damaging Anticancer Drugs in Treatment of Carcinomas: Is Acute Apoptosis an “Off-Target” Effect?
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Conjugates of Cell Adhesion Peptides for Therapeutics and Diagnostics Against Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Calorie Restriction and Dietary Restriction Mimetics: A Strategy for Improving Healthy Aging and Longevity
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Imaging of Integrins as Biomarkers for Tumor Angiogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Respiration and Energy Homeostasis
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews A Critical Approach of Guideline Therapeutic Recommendations for NAFLD
Current Vascular Pharmacology Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors: New Potential Therapeutic Targets in Antinociception and in Cancer Therapy
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) STAT-3 Inhibitors: State of the Art and New Horizons for Cancer Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry D Allele Frequency in Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Gene is Associated with Development of Breast Cancer Risk in Indian Women
Current Proteomics Metallothionein as a Scavenger of Free Radicals - New Cardioprotective Therapeutic Agent or Initiator of Tumor Chemoresistance?
Current Drug Targets Recent Advances in Understanding and Exploiting the Activation of Anthracyclines by Formaldehyde
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents