Title:An Insight to Osmotic Drug Delivery
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Author(s): Rashmi Sareen, Nitin Jain and Deepak Kumar
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Orifice, osmotic, osmotic pump, semi-permeable membrane
Abstract: In a typical therapeutic regimen the drug dose and the dosing interval are optimized to maintain drug concentration
within the therapeutic window, thus ensuring efficacy while minimizing toxic effects. For many decades treatment of
acute disease or a chronic illness has been mostly accomplished by delivery of drugs to patients using various pharmaceutical
dosage forms. The immediate release conventional dosage form does not provide the proper plasma concentration of
drug for prolonged period. This results in the development of various controlled drug delivery system. Among which the
osmotic drug delivery systems (ODDS) are gaining importance as these systems deliver the drug at specific time as per
the path physiological need of the disease, resulting in improved patient therapeutic efficacy and compliance. They work
on the principle of osmotic pressure for controlling the delivery of the drug. Osmotic drug delivery systems with their versatility
and their highly predictable drug release rates offer various biomedical advantages when given parenterally like
reduced dose, targeting of site, avoiding gastrointestinal stability, hepatic bypass of drug molecule and follows zero order
kinetics. Osmosis is an aristocratic phenomenon that seizes the attention for its exploitation in zero-order drug delivery
systems. The release of the drug is independent of pH and physiological factors of the GIT to a large extent. Optimizing
semi-permeable membrane characteristics and osmotic agent can modulate delivery of drug from the system. This review
highlights the theoretical concept of drug delivery, history, types of oral osmotic drug delivery systems, factors affecting
the drug delivery system, advantages and disadvantages of this delivery system, theoretical aspects, applications, and the
marketed status.