Abstract
The existence of long-lasting cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 is one of the major hurdles in developing effective anti-retroviral therapies. These latently infected cells and tissues efficiently evade immune responses and remain dormant until activated, upon which they can generate a productive HIV-1 infection. This classic scenario of viral latency becomes even more difficult to study and model due to the extreme complexity of translating in vivo virus-cell interactions into a controlled in vitro system. The recent developments and constant improvements upon hematopoietic engraftment of human cells and tissues onto recipient immunocompromised murine scaffolds have made it possible to model complex human innate and adaptive immune responses in a small animal model. Specifically, HIV-1 infection has been successfully modeled in these humanized mice to mimic transmission, pathogenesis, host immune responses, and treatment. Here, we review the complexities surrounding modeling HIV-1 latency in vitro and in vivo and highlight the most recent humanized mouse models that support retroviral infection.
Keywords: HIV-1, latency, HAART, humanized mouse model, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV-1 LATENCY, Primary Cells, Transformed cell lines, Small Animal Models, Latent reservoirs
Current HIV Research
Title: Humanized Mouse Models of HIV-1 Latency
Volume: 9 Issue: 8
Author(s): Rachel V. Duyne, Aarthi Narayanan, Kylene K.-Hall, Mohammed Saifuddin, Leonard Shultz and Fatah Kashanchi
Affiliation:
Keywords: HIV-1, latency, HAART, humanized mouse model, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV-1 LATENCY, Primary Cells, Transformed cell lines, Small Animal Models, Latent reservoirs
Abstract: The existence of long-lasting cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 is one of the major hurdles in developing effective anti-retroviral therapies. These latently infected cells and tissues efficiently evade immune responses and remain dormant until activated, upon which they can generate a productive HIV-1 infection. This classic scenario of viral latency becomes even more difficult to study and model due to the extreme complexity of translating in vivo virus-cell interactions into a controlled in vitro system. The recent developments and constant improvements upon hematopoietic engraftment of human cells and tissues onto recipient immunocompromised murine scaffolds have made it possible to model complex human innate and adaptive immune responses in a small animal model. Specifically, HIV-1 infection has been successfully modeled in these humanized mice to mimic transmission, pathogenesis, host immune responses, and treatment. Here, we review the complexities surrounding modeling HIV-1 latency in vitro and in vivo and highlight the most recent humanized mouse models that support retroviral infection.
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Cite this article as:
V. Duyne Rachel, Narayanan Aarthi, K.-Hall Kylene, Saifuddin Mohammed, Shultz Leonard and Kashanchi Fatah, Humanized Mouse Models of HIV-1 Latency, Current HIV Research 2011; 9 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016211798998781
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016211798998781 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
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