Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the least understood, yet perhaps the most prevalent manifestation of lupus. The pathogenesis of NPSLE is multifactorial and involves various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune complexes resulting in vasculopathic, cytotoxic and autoantibody-mediated neuronal injury. The management of NPSLE is multimodal and has not been subjected to rigorous study. Different treatment regimens include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulation, and immunosuppressives such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate. For refractory NPSLE, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, and rituximab have been used. Adjunctive symptomatic treatment complements these therapies by targeting mood disorders, psychosis, cognitive impairment, seizures or headaches. Several new biological agents are being tested including Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets B lymphocyte stimulator. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, treatment, and new potential therapies for neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Keywords: SLE, neuropsychiatric lupus, immunosuppression, autoimmunity, autoantibody, neuropsychiatric lupus,, inflammatory cytokines, anticoagulation, lymphocyte stimulator, autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE)
Current Neuropharmacology
Title: Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Volume: 9 Issue: 3
Author(s): Alexandra Popescu and Amy H. Kao
Affiliation:
Keywords: SLE, neuropsychiatric lupus, immunosuppression, autoimmunity, autoantibody, neuropsychiatric lupus,, inflammatory cytokines, anticoagulation, lymphocyte stimulator, autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE)
Abstract: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the least understood, yet perhaps the most prevalent manifestation of lupus. The pathogenesis of NPSLE is multifactorial and involves various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune complexes resulting in vasculopathic, cytotoxic and autoantibody-mediated neuronal injury. The management of NPSLE is multimodal and has not been subjected to rigorous study. Different treatment regimens include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulation, and immunosuppressives such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate. For refractory NPSLE, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, and rituximab have been used. Adjunctive symptomatic treatment complements these therapies by targeting mood disorders, psychosis, cognitive impairment, seizures or headaches. Several new biological agents are being tested including Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets B lymphocyte stimulator. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, treatment, and new potential therapies for neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Popescu Alexandra and H. Kao Amy, Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Current Neuropharmacology 2011; 9 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015911796557984
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015911796557984 |
Print ISSN 1570-159X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6190 |
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Serum Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Protein & Peptide Letters Roles of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Brain Delivery of Chemotherapeutics in Brain Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy: A Diagnostic Challenge for the General Pediatrician
Current Pediatric Reviews Anti-CD20 in Targeting B Lymphocytes for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Clinical Benefits and Insights into the Role of B Lymphocytes in Pathophysiology
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Type I Interferon as a Target of Treatment in SLE
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Autoantibodies Among HIV-1 Infected Individuals and the Effect of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) on It
Current HIV Research Pharmacologic Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design Stroke in Women - Oral Contraception, Pregnancy, and Hormone Replacement Therapy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Features of Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects of Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles Under Repeated Oral Exposure in Rats
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of the DDAH/ADMA Pathway
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Advances in the Design and Synthesis of Prednisolone and Methylprednisolone Conjugates
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Therapeutic Targets for Somatostatin in Inflammatory Chronic Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Neonates and Children: Review and Current Issues
Current Pediatric Reviews Skeletal Involvement in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Current Rheumatology Reviews Ophthalmological and Otological Manifestations in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Current Rheumatology Reviews Editorial [Hot topic: Transportalopathy and Vascular Cell Dysfunction (Guest Editor: Luis Sobrevia)]
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Blood-Brain Barrier: Its Influence in the Treatment of Brain Tumors Metastases
Current Cancer Drug Targets Skeletal Muscle in Cancer Cachexia: The Ideal Target of Drug Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets APOC-III Antisense Oligonucleotides: A New Option for the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia
Current Medicinal Chemistry