Title:Physicochemical, Phytochemical, NMR, FTIR and LC-MS Analysis of Extract of Ripe Fruits of Carissa carandus L.
Volume: 2
Author(s): Iram Naaz, Avinash Kondalkar*Sapna Avinash Kondalkar
Affiliation:
- Sun Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lahar, M.P. 477445, India
Keywords:
Phytochemicals, Flavonoids, Carissa carandus L., Phytochemical screening, Functional groups, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform spectroscopy.
Abstract:
Background:
Carissa carandus L., commonly known as Karonda, is renowned for its distinctive tangy flavor, making it a valuable ingredient in culinary
applications. Additionally, its extensive array of phytoconstituents renders it a significant component of traditional Indian herbal medicine, where it
has been used to address various health conditions. Despite its availability, palatability, and diverse phytochemical profile, Karonda remains under
utilized, and lacks substantial scientific validation. Further research is needed to substantiate its therapeutic potential and elevate its status in
modern scientific and medical contexts.
Methods:
An ethanolic extract was prepared from the ripe fruits using a hot continuous extraction method. Phytochemical screening of the extract identified
the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids, and carbohydrates. Subsequent analysis using spectrometric and
spectro chromatographic techniques, including NMR, FTIR, and LC-MS, were conducted, supplemented by chromatographic studies, to further
elucidate the extract's chemical profile and validate the presence of these bioactive compounds.
Results:
The analysis of the ripe fruit extract identified several functional groups, including O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, C-H, and –COOH, based on IR
absorption bands observed in the high wave region at 3850 cm−1 and 1728 cm−1. Active compounds were further characterized by comparing these
findings with standard reference charts. Proton environments and their electronic states were examined using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The 1H-NMR
spectrum revealed signals at specific δ ppm values corresponding to R-CH3, R-CH2-R, RO-C-H, and F-C-H groups, as detailed in the
accompanying table.
Conclusion:
These results provide a comprehensive chemical fingerprint of CA fruits offering scientific validation of its chemical nature and supporting its
potential therapeutic applications.
