Title:Design and Synthesis of 3-(Phenylsulfonamido)benzamide Derivatives as Potent Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors: Biological Evaluations and
Molecular Modeling Studies
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Author(s): Mohammad A. Khanfar*Mohammad Saleh
Affiliation:
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
Keywords:
Carbonic anhydrase, cancer, sulfonamide, synthesis, docking, NCI-60 human tumor.
Abstract:
Introduction: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is known to be overexpressed in various
tumors and plays a significant role in tumor development and progression.
Methods: A series of 3-(benzylsulfonamido)benzamides derivatives was synthesized and tested for
their CAIX inhibitory activities. The two most active compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity
testing against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines.
Results: Many of the synthesized compounds successfully inhibited CAIX activities, exhibiting
IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. The most potent CAIX inhibitor was compound 14, with an
IC50 of 140 nM. Structure-activity relationship analysis of the synthesized compounds supported
with molecular docking revealed strong coordination of sulfonamide moiety with the catalytic Zn2+
metal, hydrophobic interactions of the benzylsulfonamido ring with a hydrophobic pocket, and π-
stacking interactions of the aryl ring with an aromatic surface. The two most active analogues (10
and 14) were further tested for their antiproliferative activities in the NCI-60 human tumor cell
lines. Notably, compound 14 demonstrated potent growth inhibitory effects against several cancer
cell lines.
Conclusion: The synthesized analogues represent a novel scaffold for the treatment of different
types of cancer by targeting CAIX.
