Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Adolescent Psychiatry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-6766
ISSN (Online): 2210-6774

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Systematic Review Article

Psychosomatic Problems Among Adolescents During/Post the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Meenakshi Shukla* and Niti Upadhyay

Volume 14, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 03 July, 2024

Page: [134 - 163] Pages: 30

DOI: 10.2174/0122106766307916240626104350

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

Introduction: This systematic review aimed at exploring the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on adolescents’ psychosomatic problems and whether the pandemic differentially impacted different genders. It also explored whether particular clusters of psychosomatic problems, viz., psychological, somatic, and musculoskeletal, manifested more post-pandemic than before.

Method: An extensive search of eight electronic databases for studies published/conducted between 2014-2018 for pre-pandemic prevalence of psychosomatic problems among adolescents (11-17 years) and for studies published and conducted between 2019-2023 during/post-pandemic prevalence resulted in the final selection of 38 studies. This included 25 pre-pandemic studies, six studies published and conducted during/after the pandemic, and seven studies that reported pre-post-pandemic comparison. The review was reported following PRISMA guidelines. ROBINS-E tool was used for assessing the risk of bias while the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess study quality.

Results: Findings showed that sleep problems and headaches dominated adolescent psychosomatic problems pre-pandemic. Sleep problems continued to be the most common problem post-pandemic, followed by stomach ache and feeling low, dizziness, irritability, appetite loss, tension, and difficulty concentrating. In general, females reported more psychosomatic symptoms, though limited research explored gender differences. Only one study found improved psychosomatic health postpandemic, more so for boys than girls. Psychological complaints increased postpandemic; however, results were mixed about somatic and musculoskeletal complaints after the pandemic. Some studies found no change in post-pandemic psychosomatic symptoms.

Conclusion: Gender-specific, tailored training programs are crucial for enhancing resilience and coping to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on adolescents’ psychosomatic health.

Keywords: Psychosomatic, COVID-19, adolescents, somatic, psychological, musculoskeletal.

« Previous Next »
Al-Hashel, J.Y., Alroughani, R., Shuaibi, S., AlAshqar, A., AlHamdan, F., AlThufairi, H., Owayed, S., Ahmed, S.F. (2020). Impact of primary headache disorder on quality of life among school students in Kuwait.. Res.Sq.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-25553/v1]
Bergh, D., Giota, J. (2022). Student achievement goals and psychosomatic health complaints among Swedish adolescents: the role of sex. J. Public Health, 30(4), 1011-1022.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-020-01374-0]
Bernstein, I.H., Rush, A.J., Yonkers, K., Carmody, T.J., Woo, A., McConnell, K., Trivedi, M.H. (2008). Symptom features of postpartum depression: Are they distinct? Depress. Anxiety, 25(1), 20-26.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20276] [PMID: 17187349]
Blackburn, R.M., Phillips Owen, J., Downs, J., Gilbert, R. (2022). COVID-19-related school closures and patterns of hospital admissions with stress-related presentations in secondary school-aged adolescents: weekly time series. Br. J. Psychiatry, 221(5), 655-657.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2022.113] [PMID: 36004552]
Bohman, H., Låftman, S.B., Cleland, N., Lundberg, M., Päären, A., Jonsson, U. (2018). Somatic symptoms in adolescence as a predictor of severe mental illness in adulthood: A long-term community-based follow-up study. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health, 12(1), 42.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-018-0245-0] [PMID: 30123319]
Chehri, A., Shetabi, M., Khazaie, H., Zakiei, A. (2023). Sleep hygiene and sleep quality in Iranian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol., 11(1), 125.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01165-8] [PMID: 37076887]
Corell, M., Friberg, P., Löfstedt, P., Petzold, M., Chen, Y. (2022). Subjective health complaints in early adolescence reflect stress: A study among adolescents in Western Sweden. Scand. J. Public Health, 50(4), 516-523.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948211008555] [PMID: 33863257]
Costello, E.J., Copeland, W., Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: What changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults? J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 52(10), 1015-1025.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x] [PMID: 21815892]
Dale, R., Jesser, A., Pieh, C., O’Rourke, T., Probst, T., Humer, E. (2023). Mental health burden of high school students, and suggestions for psychosocial support, 1.5 years into the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 32(6), 1015-1024.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02032-4] [PMID: 35900473]
de Roos, S.A., Iedema, J., de Boer, A.H. (2022). Quality of life of schoolchildren living with a long-term sick parent: The role of tasks at home, life circumstances and social support. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(12), 7043.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127043] [PMID: 35742290]
Ehlers, A. (1993). Somatic symptoms and panic attacks: A retrospective study of learning experiences. Behav. Res. Ther., 31(3), 269-278.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(93)90025-P] [PMID: 8476401]
Elliott, M. (2001). Gender differences in causes of depression. Women Health, 33(3-4), 183-198.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J013v33n03_11] [PMID: 11527104]
Eriksson, C., Stattin, H. (2023). Mental-health profiling with person-centred analysis: A study of adolescents in Sweden. Scand. J. Public Health, 51(4), 628-635.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948231158850] [PMID: 36964644]
Faridizad, R., Ahadi, Z., Heshmat, R., Motlagh, M.E., Sheidaei, A., Ziaodini, H., Taheri, M., Qorbani, M., Baradaran Mahdavi, S., Kelishadi, R. (2020). Association of screen time with subjective health complaints in Iranian school-aged children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study. J. Public Health, 28(1), 31-40.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01014-2]
Gholizadeh, M., Amir-Behghadami, M., Janati, A. (2020). Systematic reviews: Are they actually well conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA? Bull. Emerg. Trauma, 8(1), 51-52.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/beat-080110] [PMID: 32201704]
Giannotta, F., Nilsson, K.W., Åslund, C., Larm, P. (2022). Among the swedish generation of adolescents who experience an increased trend of psychosomatic symptoms. Do they develop depression and/or anxiety disorders as they grow older? BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 779.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04432-x] [PMID: 36503425]
Glozah, F.N., Pevalin, D.J. (2017). Association between psychosomatic health symptoms and common mental illness in Ghanaian adolescents: Age and gender as potential moderators. J. Health Psychol., 22(11), 1376-1386.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316628736] [PMID: 26903075]
Gottlieb, M., Haas, M.R.C., Daniel, M., Chan, T.M. (2021). The scoping review: A flexible, inclusive, and iterative approach to knowledge synthesis. AEM Educ. Train., 5(3), e10609.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aet2.10609] [PMID: 34222749]
Gustafsson, M.L., Laaksonen, C., Aromaa, M., Löyttyniemi, E., Salanterä, S. (2018). The prevalence of neck-shoulder pain, back pain and psychological symptoms in association with daytime sleepiness a prospective follow-up study of school children aged 10 to 15. Scand. J. Pain, 18(3), 389-397.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2017-0166] [PMID: 29794264]
Hagborg, J.M., Tidefors, I., Fahlke, C. (2017). Gender differences in the association between emotional maltreatment with mental, emotional, and behavioral problems in Swedish adolescents. Child Abuse Negl., 67, 249-259.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.033] [PMID: 28284047]
Hagquist, C. (2023). Worry and psychosomatic problems among adolescents in sweden in the wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Unequal patterns among sociodemographic groups? J. Adolesc. Health, 72(5), 688-695.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.12.013]
Harrison, L., Wilson, S., Munafò, M.R. (2014). Exploring the associations between sleep problems and chronic musculoskeletal pain in adolescents: A prospective cohort study. Pain Res. Manag., 19(5), e139-e145.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/615203] [PMID: 25299477]
Haugen, T., Johansen, B.T., Ommundsen, Y. (2014). The role of gender in the relationship between physical activity, appearance evaluation and psychological distress. Child Adolesc. Ment. Health, 19(1), 24-30.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00671.x] [PMID: 32878363]
JBI. (2011). Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual.. Adelaide: University of Adelaide.
Jurišić, I., Pavić Šimetin, I., Dikanović, M., Cvitković, A. (2018). Headaches in adolescents: Frequency, risk factors and other health complaints: A cross-sectional study in croatia. Acta Clin. Croat., 57(4), 613-617.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.20471/acc.2018.57.04.01] [PMID: 31168196]
Kieling, C., Baker-Henningham, H., Belfer, M., Conti, G., Ertem, I., Omigbodun, O., Rohde, L.A., Srinath, S., Ulkuer, N., Rahman, A. (2011). Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. Lancet, 378(9801), 1515-1525.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60827-1] [PMID: 22008427]
Klavina-Makrecka, S., Gobina, I., Pulmanis, T., Pudule, I., Villerusa, A. (2020). Insufficient sleep duration in association with self-reported pain and corresponding medicine use among adolescents: A cross-sectional population-based study in Latvia. Int. J. Public Health, 65(8), 1365-1371.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01478-0] [PMID: 32930816]
Kleszczewska, D., Mazur, J., Bucksch, J., Dzielska, A., Brindley, C., Michalska, A. (2020). Active transport to school may reduce psychosomatic symptoms in school-aged children: data from nine countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(23), 8709.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238709] [PMID: 33255182]
Kosticova, M., Geckova, A.M., Dobiasova, E., Veselska, Z.D. (2019). Insufficient sleep duration is associated with worse self-rated health and more psychosomatic health complaints in adolescents. Bratisl. Med. J., 120(10), 783-788.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/BLL_2019_131] [PMID: 31663355]
Kosticova, M., Husarova, D., Dankulincova, Z. (2020). Difficulties in getting to sleep and their association with emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents: Does the sleeping duration influence this association? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(5), 1691.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051691] [PMID: 32150909]
Li, J., Sidibe, A.M., Shen, X., Hesketh, T. (2019). Incidence, risk factors and psychosomatic symptoms for traditional bullying and cyberbullying in Chinese adolescents. Child. Youth Serv. Rev., 107, 104511.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104511]
Lindgren, L., Rundgren, S., Winsö, O., Lehtipalo, S., Wiklund, U., Karlsson, M., Stenlund, H., Jacobsson, C., Brulin, C. (2010). Physiological responses to touch massage in healthy volunteers. Auton. Neurosci., 158(1-2), 105-110.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2010.06.011] [PMID: 20638912]
Loades, M.E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., Linney, C., McManus, M.N., Borwick, C., Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 59(11), 1218-1239.e3.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009] [PMID: 32504808]
Ludvigsson, J.F. (2020). Systematic review of COVID‐19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr., 109(6), 1088-1095.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.15270] [PMID: 32202343]
Marciano, L., Viswanath, K., Morese, R., Camerini, A.L. (2022). Screen time and adolescents’ mental health before and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland: A natural experiment. Front. Psychiatry, 13, 981881.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.981881] [PMID: 36465307]
Matud, M.P. (2004). Gender differences in stress and coping styles. Pers. Individ. Dif., 37(7), 1401-1415.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.01.010]
McGuinness, L.A., Higgins, J.P.T. (2021). Risk‐of‐bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk‐of‐bias assessments. Res. Synth. Methods, 12(1), 55-61.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1411] [PMID: 32336025]
Meherali, S., Punjani, N., Louie-Poon, S., Abdul Rahim, K., Das, J.K., Salam, R.A., Lassi, Z.S. (2021). Mental health of children and adolescents amidst COVID-19 and past pandemics: A rapid systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18(7), 3432.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073432] [PMID: 33810225]
Mingels, S., Granitzer, M. (2022). Cross-sectional study of headache in flemish children and adolescents. Child Neurol Open, 9, 2329048X221140783.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329048X221140783]
Nearchou, F., Flinn, C., Niland, R., Subramaniam, S.S., Hennessy, E. (2020). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(22), 8479.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228479] [PMID: 33207689]
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 77(5), 1061-1072.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1061] [PMID: 10573880]
Nyberg, G., Helgadóttir, B., Kjellenberg, K., Ekblom, Ö. (2023). COVID-19 and unfavorable changes in mental health unrelated to changes in physical activity, sedentary time, and health behaviors among Swedish adolescents: A longitudinal study. Front. Public Health, 11, 1115789.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1115789] [PMID: 36969680]
Park, M.H., Park, S., Jung, K.I., Kim, J.I., Cho, S.C., Kim, B.N. (2018). Moderating effects of depressive symptoms on the relationship between problematic use of the Internet and sleep problems in Korean adolescents. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 280.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1865-x] [PMID: 30180824]
Patel, V., Flisher, A.J., Hetrick, S., McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: A global public-health challenge. Lancet, 369(9569), 1302-1313.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60368-7] [PMID: 17434406]
Porritt, K., Gomersall, J., Lockwood, C. (2014). JBI’s systematic reviews: Study selection and critical appraisal. Am. J. Nurs., 114(6), 47-52.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000450430.97383.64] [PMID: 24869584]
Racine, N., McArthur, B.A., Cooke, J.E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J., Madigan, S. (2021). Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19. JAMA Pediatr., 175(11), 1142-1150.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482] [PMID: 34369987]
Ramstedt, M., Raninen, J., Larm, P., Livingston, M. (2022). Children with problem drinking parents in Sweden: Prevalence and risk of adverse consequences in a national cohort born in 2001. Drug Alcohol Rev., 41(3), 625-632.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.13406] [PMID: 34766395]
Rapee, R.M., Lyneham, H.J., Hudson, J.L., Kangas, M., Wuthrich, V.M., Schniering, C.A. (2013). Effect of comorbidity on treatment of anxious children and adolescents: results from a large, combined sample. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 52(1), 47-56.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.10.002] [PMID: 23265633]
Rathmann, K., Bilz, L., Hurrelmann, K., Kiess, W., Richter, M. (2018). Is being a “small fish in a big pond” bad for students´ psychosomatic health? A multilevel study on the role of class-level school performance. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1098.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5977-5] [PMID: 30189839]
Ravens-Sieberer, U., Erhart, M., Devine, J., Gilbert, M., Reiss, F., Barkmann, C., Siegel, N.A., Simon, A.M., Hurrelmann, K., Schlack, R., Hölling, H., Wieler, L.H., Kaman, A. (2022). Child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of the three-wave longitudinal copsy study. J. Adolesc. Health, 71(5), 570-578.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.022]
Ravens-Sieberer, U., Kaman, A., Erhart, M., Devine, J., Schlack, R., Otto, C. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 31(6), 879-889.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5] [PMID: 33492480]
Rodríguez-cano, T., Beatofernández, L., Llario, A. (2006). Body dissatisfaction as a predictor of self-reported suicide attempts in adolescents: A Spanish community prospective study. J. Adolesc. Health, 38(6), 684-688.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.08.003] [PMID: 16730596]
Rosenfield, S., Mouzon, D. (2013). Gender and mental health.Handbook of the sociology of mental health.. Springer Netherlands.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_14]
Samji, H., Wu, J., Ladak, A., Vossen, C., Stewart, E., Dove, N., Long, D., Snell, G. (2022). Review: Mental health impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children and youth a systematic review. Child Adolesc. Ment. Health, 27(2), 173-189.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/camh.12501] [PMID: 34455683]
Scaioli, G., Squillacioti, G., Bersia, M., Bellisario, V., Borraccino, A., Bono, R., Dalmasso, P., Lemma, P. (2023). The wellbeing of adolescents and the role of greenness: A cross-sectional study among Italian students. Front. Public Health, 10, 1050533.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1050533] [PMID: 36743191]
Shanahan, L., Zucker, N., Copeland, W.E., Bondy, C.L., Egger, H.L., Costello, E.J. (2015). Childhood somatic complaints predict generalized anxiety and depressive disorders during young adulthood in a community sample. Psychol. Med., 45(8), 1721-1730.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002840] [PMID: 25518872]
Shelby, G.D., Shirkey, K.C., Sherman, A.L., Beck, J.E., Haman, K., Shears, A.R., Horst, S.N., Smith, C.A., Garber, J., Walker, L.S. (2013). Functional abdominal pain in childhood and long-term vulnerability to anxiety disorders. Pediatrics, 132(3), 475-482.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2191] [PMID: 23940244]
Shukla, M., Crew, A., Wu, A., Riddleston, L., Hutchinson, T., Kumari, V., Hughes, L.D., Lau, J.Y.F. (2023). Self-reported worries in young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cognit. Ther. Res., 47(4), 531-542.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10396-3] [PMID: 37363750]
Shukla, M., Pandey, R., Singh, T., Riddleston, L., Hutchinson, T., Kumari, V., Lau, J.Y.F. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 and related lockdown phases on young peoples’ worries and emotions: Novel data from India. Front. Public Health, 9, 645183.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.645183] [PMID: 34095054]
Shukla, M., Upadhyay, N., Gyereh, J. (2024). Prevalence of psychophysiological complications of COVID-19. Exploring the Psycho-Social Impact of COVID-19 Routledge.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003357209-3]
Stoll, C.R.T., Izadi, S., Fowler, S., Green, P., Suls, J., Colditz, G.A. (2019). The value of a second reviewer for study selection in systematic reviews. Res. Synth. Methods, 10(4), 539-545.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1369] [PMID: 31272125]
Svaleryd, H., Vlachos, J. (2021). School results and mental ill-health among students.Background report to SOU 2021:89. Sweden during the pandemic. Available from: https://coronakommissionen.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/underlagsrapport-svaleryd-o-vlachos-skolresultat-chpsykisk-ohalsa-bland-elever.pdf
Vaičiūnas, T., Šmigelskas, K. (2019). The role of school-related well-being for adolescent subjective health complaints. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16(9), 1577.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091577] [PMID: 31064078]
Vandendriessche, A., Ghekiere, A., Van Cauwenberg, J., De Clercq, B., Dhondt, K., DeSmet, A., Tynjälä, J., Verloigne, M., Deforche, B. (2019). Does sleep mediate the association between school pressure, physical activity, screen time, and psychological symptoms in early adolescents? a 12-country study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16(6), 1072.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061072] [PMID: 30934658]
van der Laan, S.E.I., Lenters, V.C., Finkenauer, C., van Harmelen, A.L., van der Ent, C.K., Nijhof, S.L. (2022). Tracking mental wellbeing of dutch adolescents during the first year of the COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal study. J. Adolesc. Health, 71(4), 414-422.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.006]
van der Laan, S.E.I., Finkenauer, C., Lenters, V.C., van Harmelen, A.L., van der Ent, C.K., Nijhof, S.L. (2021). Gender-specific changes in life satisfaction after the COVID-19 related lockdown in dutch adolescents: A longitudinal study. J. Adolesc. Health, 69(5), 737-745.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.013] [PMID: 34446346]
Viner, R., Russell, S., Saulle, R., Croker, H., Stansfield, C., Packer, J., Nicholls, D., Goddings, A.L., Bonell, C., Hudson, L., Hope, S., Ward, J., Schwalbe, N., Morgan, A., Minozzi, S. (2022). School closures during social lockdown and mental health, health behaviors, and well-being among children and adolescents during the First COVID-19 wave. JAMA Pediatr., 176(4), 400-409.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5840] [PMID: 35040870]
Walker, Z.J., Xue, S., Jones, M.P., Ravindran, A.V. (2021). Depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders in patients with cancer in low- and lower-middle–income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JCO Glob. Oncol., 7(7), 1233-1250.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/GO.21.00056] [PMID: 34343029]
Walsh, S.D., Sela, T., De Looze, M., Craig, W., Cosma, A., Harel-Fisch, Y., Boniel-Nissim, M., Malinowska-Cieślik, M., Vieno, A., Molcho, M., Ng, K., Pickett, W. (2020). Clusters of contemporary risk and their relationship to mental well-being among 15-year-old adolescents across 37 countries. J. Adolesc. Health, 66(6S), S40-S49.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.012]
Watt, M.C., Stewart, S.H., Cox, B.J. (1998). A retrospective study of the learning history origins of anxiety sensitivity. Behav. Res. Ther., 36(5), 505-525.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10029-8] [PMID: 9648327]
Wehbe, A.T., Costa, T.E., Abbas, S.A., Costa, J.E., Costa, G.E., Wehbe, T.W. (2022). The effects of the COVID-19 confinement on screen time, headaches, stress and sleep disorders among adolescents: a cross sectional study. Chronic Stress, 6.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24705470221099836] [PMID: 35574178]
Wiklund, M., Malmgren-Olsson, E.B., Öhman, A., Bergström, E., Fjellman-Wiklund, A. (2012). Subjective health complaints in older adolescents are related to perceived stress, anxiety and gender a cross-sectional school study in Northern Sweden. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 993.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-993] [PMID: 23158724]
Wolf, K., Schmitz, J. (2023). Scoping review: Longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2023, 1-56.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02206-8] [PMID: 37081139]
Yang, X., Lawrence, A.J., Harrison, P., Liu, Y., Chen, L., Wang, C., Yan, C., Zahn, R. (2023). Positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety in Chinese adolescents. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2023, 1-11.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02263-z] [PMID: 37486386]
Zhang, S., Li, D., Yang, R., Wan, Y., Tao, F., Fang, J. (2019). The association between health literacy and psychosomatic symptoms of adolescents in China: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1259.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7589-0] [PMID: 31510983]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
17
1
Wayfinder Image
Open Access Journals Promotions
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy