Title:Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in SARS-CoV-2 Patients
Volume: 21
Issue: 5
Author(s): Shweta Chahal, Rojin G. Raj*Ranjeet Kumar
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
Keywords:
Inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulopathy, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, type 1 diabetes.
Abstract: Recent studies have found that a link between people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
(T1DM) are at higher risk of morbidity as well as mortality from COVID-19 infection, indicating
a need for vaccination. T1DM appears to impair innate and adaptive immunity. The overabundance
of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in COVID-19 illness that is severe and potentially
fatal is known as a "cytokine storm." Numerous cohorts have revealed chronic inflammation
as a key risk factor for unfavorable COVID-19 outcomes. TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-1, IL-2,
IL-6, and other cytokines were found in higher concentrations in patients with T1DM. Even
more importantly, oxidative stress contributes significantly to the severity and course of COVID-
19's significant role in the progression and severity of COVID-19 diseases. Severe glucose excursions,
a defining characteristic of type 1 diabetes, are widely recognized for their potent role
as mediating agents of oxidative stress via several routes, such as heightened production of advanced
glycation end products (AGEs) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore,
persistent endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulation found in T1DM may impair microcirculation
and endothelium, which could result in the development of various organ failure and acute
breathing syndrome.
