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Current Hypertension Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4021
ISSN (Online): 1875-6506

Review Article

Targeting Hypertension: A Review on Pathophysiological Factors and Treatment Strategies

Author(s): Ruhani Raj, Minakshi Garg and Anupreet Kaur*

Volume 20, Issue 2, 2024

Published on: 20 March, 2024

Page: [70 - 79] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/0115734021293403240309165336

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

Hypertension is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases and death, with a higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. The pathophysiology of hypertension remains complex, with 2% to 5% of patients having underlying renal or adrenal disorders. The rest are referred to as essential hypertension, with derangements in various physiological mechanisms potentially contributing to the development of essential hypertension. Hypertension elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and mortality. First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle change, which includes weight loss, a balanced diet that includes low salt and high potassium intake, physical exercise, and limitation or elimination of alcohol use. Blood pressure-lowering effects of individual lifestyle components are partially additive, enhancing the efficacy of pharmaceutical treatment. The choice to begin antihypertensive medication should be based on the level of blood pressure and the existence of a high atherosclerotic CVD risk. First-line hypertension treatment includes a thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker. Addressing hypertension will require continued efforts to improve access to diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle interventions.

Keywords: Antihypertensive drugs, combination therapy, endocrine factors, lifestyle modifications, mechanisms, pathophysiology, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS).

Graphical Abstract
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