摘要
背景:嗅觉障碍(OI)与年龄相关认知能力下降的关联尚无定论,过敏的潜在影响尚不清楚。 目的:我们旨在评估过敏性和非过敏性成骨不全与认知功能的横断面关联。 方法:我们纳入了健康与退休研究(HRS)-协调认知评估方案(HCAP)子研究的2499名参与者和英国老龄化纵向研究(ELSA)-HCAP的1086名参与者。采用嗅嗅笔嗅觉功能场测试(OFFE)客观评价嗅觉功能,嗅觉评分<6/11为成骨不全。使用Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE)评估整体认知功能并定义认知障碍(<24/30)。神经心理学电池被用来评估五个认知领域。 结果:与非成骨不全患者相比,成骨不全患者的MMSE z-score较低[βHRS = -0.33, 95%可信区间(CI): -0.41至-0.24;βELSA = -0.31, -0.43 ~ -0.18],认知功能障碍患病率较高(患病率比(PR)HRS = 1.46, 1.06 ~ 2.01;PRELSA = 1.63, 1.26 ~ 2.11)。非过敏性成骨不全的相关性更强(βHRS = -0.36;βELSA = -0.34)高于过敏性成骨不全(βHRS = -0.26;βelsa = 0.13)。在特定领域的认知功能测量中也观察到类似的关联。 结论:成骨不全,尤其是非过敏性成骨不全,与老年人认知功能下降有关。尽管目前的横断面研究受到一些限制,如反向因果关系和残留混淆,但研究结果将为OI-认知关联提供见解,并启发未来对非过敏性相关OI的关注,以预防潜在的认知障碍。
关键词: 整体认知功能,认知域,认知损伤,嗅觉损伤,过敏状态,横断面研究。
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