Title:A Review on Osteoarthritis and its Eradication Approaches: An Update
Volume: 16
Author(s): Prasoon Pandey, Ritika Singh, Shefali Srivastava and Manoj Kumar Mishra*
Affiliation:
- Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh-211015, India
Keywords:
Osteoarthritis, NSAIDs, epidemiology, treatment, COX2 inhibitors, electrotherapy, replacement therapy.
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by degeneration of cartilage or wear and
tear. OA is a cause of disability and health issues. It is a disease that affects more than 500 million
adults annually worldwide, of which India accounts for about 22 to 39% of OA patients.
The most common type of osteoarthritis is knee OA. Pathogenesis of OA requires evolution in
basic science and clinical research to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and as well
as different treatment options. It is mainly classified as primary and secondary OA. The treatment
for OA can only reduce the symptoms and cannot cure the disease itself, including pharmacological
treatment, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acting on COX1
(cyclooxygenase 1) and COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2) enzymes. Non-pharmacological treatments
for OA include exercise like walking, and aerobic exercise, diet, weight loss, hot and cold therapy,
as well as electrotherapy, which improves muscle strength and decreases joint pain. Surgical
treatment is the last treatment option for OA patients, which includes arthroscopy and joint
replacement therapy. Thus, necessary precautions should be taken for joints to be healthy and
disease-free.
