Title:Emerging Approaches for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Outlook
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Author(s): Priyanka Kumari, Sanjay K. Jain*, Shivani Saraf, Ankita Tiwari, Pritish Panda and Amit Verma
Affiliation:
- Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), India
Keywords:
Rheumatoid arthritis, nanocarriers, liposomes, hydrogel, cytokines, NF-Kβ, active targeting, biomimetic targeting, pH-responsive, ROS-responsive, immunosuppressants, gene delivery.
Abstract:
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that causes pannus
formation, thickened synovium, joint bone reabsorption, and acute impairment, and increases
the death rate. Many people with RA now live better lives as a result of recent improvements
in treatment, which have dramatically slowed the disease's course. However, a significant
portion of patients continue to either be non-responsive to existing treatments or have
developed a resistance to them. Nanotechnology is becoming a more and more intriguing tool
for investigating novel strategies, ranging from treating various disease states to tackling complicated
conditions.
Objective: The primary goal of the work was to outline the research activities on versatile
nanocarriers, like polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, liposomes, etc., with controlled/sustained
drug release patterns fabricated to elevate the effectiveness of drug delivery.
Methods: This review mainly focuses on emerging strategies to deliver various nanocarriers
encapsulating anti-rheumatic drugs, enzymes, genes, phytoconstituents, etc. It also includes upto-
date progress regarding patents and clinical trials filed for the treatment of RA.
Results: In most of the recent studies, nanocarrier-based drug delivery has gained attention
worldwide and led to the development of new approaches for treating RA. A better understanding
of pathophysiology and signalling pathways helps to select the antirheumatic drug. The encapsulation
of active moiety into the novel nanocarrier enhances the solubility of insoluble
drugs. It restricts the exposure of the drug to the non-inflamed site using various targeting strategies,
like active, passive, or biomimetic targeting and stimuli-responsive carrier systems to enhance
the drug delivery mechanism.
Conclusion: A brief description of current RA treatments using nanocarrier technology is provided
in this paper, along with predictions for potential enhancements to the nanotherapeutic
regimen.
