Title:Diabetic Retinopathy Leading to Blindness- A Review
Volume: 20
Issue: 9
Author(s): Amandeep Kaur, Ranjeet Kumar*Amit Sharma
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
Keywords:
Photocoagulation, diabetic retinopathy, vascular endothelial growth factor, diabetic macular edema, risk factors, blindness.
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes
that damages the retina, leading to blindness. People with type 1 diabetes are at greater risk of
developing DR than people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy may be divided into two
primary categories: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
(NPDR). There are multiple risk factors for the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy,
such as hypertension, obesity, smoking, duration of diabetes, and genetics. Numerous
investigations have evaluated the levels of a wide range of inflammatory chemokines within DR
patients' serum, vitreous, and aqueous fluids. In diabetic retinopathy, the vitreous fluid exhibited
rises in angiogenic factors like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) or declines in antiangiogenic factors like pigment epithelium-derived factor
(PEDF). For prevention of diabetic retinopathy, more physical activity as well as less sedentary
behavior were linked to a reduced likelihood of DR. Supplementing with nutraceuticals containing
vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D, E, and l-methyl folate) and mineral (zinc) can help decrease or
avoid an outbreak of DR. Only laser photocoagulation and Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor
(Anti-VEGF) injections are advised as favorable therapies in severe retinopathy. When it comes
to treating DR's VEGF levels, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, Traditional
Chinese medicine (TCM) has an excellent future.
