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Review Article

自闭症谱系障碍的环境风险因素:述评

卷 31, 期 17, 2024

发表于: 10 January, 2024

页: [2345 - 2360] 页: 16

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0109298673252471231121045529

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摘要

现有证据表明，环境因素可能对自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)风险变异的贡献率高达50%。这篇结构化的叙述性综述提供了对ASD环境风险因素的现有知识的全面综合，包括对相互矛盾的证据的评估，潜在机制的探索以及对未来研究方向的建议。各种流行病学调查的分析表明，某些环境因素，包括父母高龄、早产、分娩并发症、暴露于有毒金属、药物、空气污染物和内分泌干扰化学物质，通过各种机制(如氧化应激、炎症、缺氧及其后果、神经递质改变、信号通路中断等)与ASD风险增加有关。另一方面，与妊娠相关的因素，如产妇糖尿病、产妇肥胖、剖腹产与ASD风险的相关性较弱。与此同时，其他环境因素，如疫苗接种、母亲吸烟或饮酒，与自闭症的风险无关。关于营养元素的数据尚无定论。这些发现强调了环境因素在ASD病因学中的重要性，并强调需要针对ASD的危险因素进行更有针对性的研究。针对可改变的危险因素的环境干预可能为ASD的预防和治疗提供有希望的途径。

关键词: 自闭症谱系障碍，流行病学，危险因素，环境因素，有毒金属，怀孕。

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