Title:Bile Acid Application in Cell-Targeting for Molecular Receptors in
Relation to Hearing: A Comprehensive Review
Volume: 25
Issue: 3
Author(s): Corina M. Ionescu, Melissa A. Jones, Susbin R. Wagle, Bozica Kovacevic, Thomas Foster, Momir Mikov, Armin Mooranian*Hani Al-Salami*
Affiliation:
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation
Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of
Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation
Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia,
Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
Keywords:
Cochlea, bile acids, bile acid receptors, hearing loss, micro RNAs, cellular stress.
Abstract:
Bile acids play important roles in the human body, and changes in their pool can be
used as markers for various liver pathologies. In addition to their functional effects in modulating
inflammatory responses and cellular survivability, the unconjugated or conjugated, secondary, or
primary nature of bile acids accounts for their various ligand effects.
The common hydrophilic bile acids have been used successfully as local treatment to resolve
drug-induced cell damage or to ameliorate hearing loss. From various literature references, bile
acids show concentration and tissue-dependent effects. Some hydrophobic bile acids act as ligands
modulating vitamin D receptors, muscarinic receptors, and calcium-activated potassium channels,
important proteins in the inner ear system.
Currently, there are limited resources investigating the therapeutic effects of bile acid on hearing
loss and little to no information on detecting bile acids in the remote ear system, let alone baseline
bile acid levels and their prevalence in healthy and disease conditions. This review presents both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic human bile acids and their tissue-specific effects in modulating cellular
integrity, thus considering the possible effects and extended therapeutic applicability of bile
acids to the inner ear tissue.
