Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current HIV Research

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-162X
ISSN (Online): 1873-4251

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Older PLHIV are at Higher Cardiovascular Risk with Poor Quality of Life

Author(s): Muhammed Shabil, Krishna Murti*, V Udaya Kumar, Rishikesh Kumar, Nitesh Kumar, Sameer Dhingra, Vipan Kumar Parihar, V Ravichandiran and Krishna Pandey

Volume 21, Issue 6, 2023

Published on: 21 December, 2023

Page: [354 - 360] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/011570162X277586231218104922

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: People with HIV (PLHIV) face increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to inflammation and immune activation. Aging further amplifies this risk. Limited data exist on CVD risk in older PLHIV in India despite 2.14 million PLHIV with higher CVD risk factors.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study in Bihar, India, 73 PLHIV and 30 control participants were enrolled. Demographics, social factors, clinical information, and CVD risk factors were collected. HbA1c levels and lipid profiles were analyzed, and 10-year CVD risk scores were calculated using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and Qrisk3. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using WHOQOL- HIV-BREF.

Results: Results showed higher LDL levels in non-HIV older participants and higher HDL levels in younger PLHIV participants. BMI differed significantly, with higher BMI in non-HIV older individuals and lower BMI in younger PLHIV individuals. Older PLHIV participants had significantly higher mean FRS and Q-Risk scores compared to older non-PLHIV and younger PLHIV groups. Among older PLHIV participants, six had higher CVD risk per FRS, while none in the other groups were classified as high CVD risk. Psychological, social relations and spirituality domains were highly deteriorated in older PLHIV, scoring 44.48, 42.72, and 41.2, respectively. The physical domain scored 57.6, and the environment scored 52.72 in the WHOQOL-HIV bref.

Conclusion: In conclusion, older PLHIV in Bihar, India, face higher CVD risk compared to younger PLHIV and non-HIV individuals. FRS and Q-Risk scores effectively assessed CVD risk, identifying higher risk in older PLHIV. Age and BMI were significant predictors of high CVD risk. These findings emphasize CVD risk assessment and tailored management for older PLHIV. The QoL assessment findings indicate moderate deterioration in psychological, social relations, and spirituality domains among older PLHIV individuals. These results suggest greater challenges in psychological well-being, social interactions, and spirituality compared to the overall sample. Further research with larger samples and longitudinal designs is needed to confirm and extend these findings.

Keywords: HIV, Cardiovascular disease, Geriatrics, Human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS, Old age.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Mendis S, Graham I, Narula J. Addressing the global burden of cardiovascular diseases; need for scalable and sustainable frameworks. Glob Heart 2022; 17(1): 48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gh.1139] [PMID: 36051329]
[2]
Marengoni A, Angleman S, Meinow B, et al. Coexisting chronic conditions in the older population: Variation by health indicators. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 31: 29-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2016.02.014] [PMID: 26944564]
[3]
National AIDS control organisation nioms. india hiv estimates fact sheet 2021 New Delhi NACO. Available from: https://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/India%20HIV%20Estimates%202021%20_Fact%20Sheets__Final_Shared_24_08_2022.pdf (2023 19 Oct 2023.)
[4]
Fragkou PC, Moschopoulos CD, Dimopoulou D, et al. Cardiovascular disease and risk assessment in people living with HIV: Current practices and novel perspectives. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023; 71: 42-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hjc.2022.12.013] [PMID: 36646212]
[5]
Nsagha DS, Assob JCN, Njunda AL, et al. Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in HIV/AIDS patients on HAART. Open AIDS J 2015; 9(1): 51-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601509010051] [PMID: 26587072]
[6]
WING EJ. The aging population with HIV infection. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2017; 128: 131.
[7]
Nou E, Lo J, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Pathophysiology and management of cardiovascular disease in patients with HIV. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4(7): 598-610.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00388-5] [PMID: 26873066]
[8]
HIV Facts & Figures India: National AIDS control organisation. 2021. Available from: https://naco.gov.in/hiv-facts-figures
[9]
Kundu J, Kundu S. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its associated risk factors among older adults in India: Evidence from LASI Wave 1. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 13: 100937.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100937]
[10]
Marbaniang IP, Kadam D, Suman R, et al. Cardiovascular risk in an HIV-infected population in India. Heart Asia 2017; 9(2): e010893.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartasia-2017-010893] [PMID: 29467833]
[11]
Bijker R, Choi JY, Ditangco R, et al. Cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk in HIV-positive populations in the Asian region. Open AIDS J 2017; 11(1): 52-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010052] [PMID: 29302277]
[12]
Chaudhary S, Apurva SK, Sawlani KK, et al. A study of cardiovascular abnormalities in HIV positive patients in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. J Assoc Physicians India 2017; 65(12): 24-9.
[PMID: 29327518]
[13]
Hemann BA, Bimson WF, Taylor AJ. The Framingham Risk Score: an appraisal of its benefits and limitations. Am Heart Hosp J 2007; 5(2): 91-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-9215.2007.06350.x] [PMID: 17478974]
[14]
Beswick A. Brindle PJCoil. Risk scoring in the assessment of cardiovascular risk 2006; 17(4): 375-86.
[15]
Jahangiry L, Farhangi MA. Rezaei FJJoH, Population. Nutrition Framingham risk score for estimation of 10-years of cardiovascular diseases risk in patients with metabolic syndrome 2017; 36: 1-6.
[16]
Bitton A, Gaziano T. The Framingham Heart Study’s impact on global risk assessment. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 53(1): 68-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2010.04.001] [PMID: 20620429]
[17]
Collins GS, Altman DG. An independent and external validation of QRISK2 cardiovascular disease risk score: A prospective open cohort study. BMJ 2010; 340(may13 2): c2442.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c2442] [PMID: 20466793]
[18]
Goldsborough E, Osuji N, Blaha MJJE, Clinics M. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk: a 2022 update 2022; 51(3): 483-509.
[19]
Badawy MAEMD, Naing L, Johar S, Ong S, Rahman HA, Tengah DSNAP, et al. Evaluation of cardiovascular diseases risk calculators for CVDs prevention and management: Scoping review. 2022; 22(1): 1742.
[20]
Lalhruaimawii I, Danturulu MV, Rai S, Chandrashekar UK, Radhakrishnan R. Determinants of stigma faced by people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A narrative review from past and present scenario in India. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 17: 101117.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101117]
[21]
Subramanian A, Mohan A, Nandi PK, Rajeshwari K. Perceived social support, depression and their impact on quality of life of people living with HIV in India. AIDS Care 2021; 33(10): 1329-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1810620] [PMID: 32851860]
[22]
Cardona-Arias JA. Higuita-Gutiérrez LFJRedsp. Impact of HIV/AIDS on quality of life: meta-analysis 2014; 88(1): 87-101.
[23]
Wen H, Yang Z, Zhu Z, Han S, Zhang L, Hu YJH, et al. Psychometric properties of self-reported measures of health-related quality of life in people living with HIV: a systematic review 2022; 20: 1-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01910-w]
[24]
Nyirenda M. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risks using Framingham risk scores (FRS) in HIV-positive and HIV-negative older adults in South Africa. Prev Med Rep 2021; 22: 101352.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101352] [PMID: 33816089]
[25]
Wu PY, Chen MY, Sheng WH, et al. Estimated risk of cardiovascular disease among the HIV-positive patients aged 40 years or older in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2019; 52(4): 549-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2019.03.006] [PMID: 31036484]
[26]
Pambou HOT, Gagneux-Brunon A, Fossi BT, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors among HIV-infected patients aged 50 years and older in Cameroon. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9(3): 490-505.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2022034] [PMID: 36330283]
[27]
Anuradha S, Makkar A, Nandi P, Rajeshwari K. Quality of life and its determinants among people living with HIV attending an antiretroviral treatment center in Delhi, India. Indian J Public Health 2020; 64(2): 148-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijph.IJPH_400_19] [PMID: 32584297]
[28]
Sarkar T, Karmakar N, Dasgupta A, Saha B. Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral clinic in the center of excellence in HIV care in India. J Educ Health Promot 2019; 8: 226.
[PMID: 31867390]
[29]
Grosso TM, Hernández-Sánchez D, Dragovic G, et al. Identifying the needs of older people living with HIV (≥ 50 years old) from multiple centres over the world: A descriptive analysis. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20(1): 10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12981-022-00488-7] [PMID: 36782210]
[30]
Arjun BY, Unnikrishnan B, Ramapuram JT, et al. Factors influencing quality of life among people living with HIV in coastal South India. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2017; 16(3): 247-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957415599213] [PMID: 26251226]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
13
2
World AIDS Vaccine Awareness Day
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy